安装包:
linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组
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1 [cindyma@localhost ~]$ su root #切换到root
2 Password:
3 [root@localhost]# groupadd oinstall #创建用户组oinstall
4 [root@localhost]# groupadd dba #创建用户组dba
5 [root@localhost]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle #创建oracle用户,并加入到oinstall和dba用户组
6 [root@localhost]# passwd oracle #设置用户oracle的登陆密码,不设置密码,在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆
7 Changing password for user oracle.
8 New password: # 密码
9 BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
10 Retype new password: # 确认密码
11 passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
12 [root@localhost]# id oracle # 查看新建的oracle用户
13 uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)
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2.创建oracle数据库安装目录
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1 [root@localhost]# cd /. #进入根目录
2 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
3 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory #oracle数据库配置文件目录
4 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/database #oracle数据库软件包解压目录
5 [root@localhost]# cd /data
6 [root@localhost data]# ls #创建完毕检查一下(强迫症)
7 database oracle oraInventory
8 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户
9 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory
10 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database
11 [root@localhost data]#
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3.修改OS系统标识(oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装,但是centos其实就是redhat)
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1 [root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version
2 Linux version 3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jul 4 15:04:05 UTC 2017
3 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
4 CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
5 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release
6 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release
7 redhat-7
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4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包
1 [root@localhost data]# yum -y install binutils* compat-libcap1* compat-libstdc++* gcc* gcc-c++* glibc* glibc-devel* ksh* libaio* libaio-devel* libgcc* libstdc++* libstdc++-devel* libXi* libXtst* make* sysstat* elfutils* unixODBC*
yum install binutils-2.* compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf-0.* elfutils-libelf-devel-* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* glibc-2.* glibc-common-2.* glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.* ksh-2* libaio-0.* libaio-devel-0.* libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++-devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* pdksh*
centos7需要的安装包,可以在Oracle上查看:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1085
我的版本当然对应的是这个版本:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7
它没有要求说要安装elfutils和unixODBC包,但是等安装Oracle检查安装前准备时,会提示说缺少这两个包,所以一并安装
有时候使用yum安装的时候,会提示another app is currently holding the yum lock,这个时候打开另外一个terminal,在root用户下输入
#rm -f /var/run/yum.pid
强制关掉yum进程
5.关闭防火墙
service iptables stop
6.关闭selinux(需重启生效)
1 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/selinux/config
2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/selinux/config
/etc/selinux/config 最终文档为:
# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.
# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:
# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.
# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.
# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.
SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disabled
# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:
# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,
# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.
# mls - Multi Level Security protection.
SELINUXTYPE=targeted
7、修改内核参数(加入斜体部分)
1 [root@local++host data]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf
# sysctl settings are defined through files in
# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.
#
# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.
# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in
# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override
# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later
# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.
#
# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max= 4194304
net.core.wmem_default= 262144
net.core.wmem_max= 1048576
8、使配置修改内核的参数生效
1 [root@localhost data]# sysctl -p
net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1
sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument
fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument
kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小
sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument
kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
9、对oracle用户设置限制,提高软件运行性能(斜体为添加部分)
1 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf
在最下面部分添加内容(斜体为添加的内容)
@student - maxlogins 4
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
End offile
10、配置用户的环境变量(斜体部分为添加代码)
1 [root@localhost data]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile
2 [root@localhost data]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile
# .bash_profile
# Get the aliases and functions
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then
. ~/.bashrc
fi
# User specific environment and startup programs
PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin
export PATH
export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle数据库路径
export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle启动数据库实例名
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl
export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安装
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量
export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码
export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置Oracle客户端字符集,必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致
export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl (in 11.2 dbconsole, the $ORACLE_UNQNAME needs to be set rather than $ORACLE_SID)
报错:
ERROR:export '=' not a valid identifier
如果你给添加语句写成这样(等号两边带空格):export LANG = C就会报错
不能给/etc/profile文件里加空格
11、使用户的环境变量配置立即生效
1 [root@localhost data]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile
12.将安装包移动到/usr/local/src路径下
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1 [root@localhost ~]# cd /.
2 [root@localhost /]# cd /home/anzerong/Desktop/
3 [root@localhost Desktop]# ls
4 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
5 [root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /usr/local/src
6 [root@localhost Desktop]# ls
7 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
8 [root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /usr/local/src
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13.重启系统,确保所有设置生效
1 [root@localhost Desktop]# reboot
14.从oracle用户进入/usr/local/src目录
1 [oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src
2 [oracle@localhost src]$ ls
3 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
15.解压两个软件包至/data/database/目录下
1 [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/ #解压
2 (省略...)
3 [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/ #解压
4 (省略...)
16.root权限下 chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/
17.直接使用oracle登录而不使用root再su
18.cd /data/database/database/ ./runInstaller弹出图形化页面
19.内存不足
dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=800M count=2
mkswap -f /tmp/swapfile
vim /etc/fstab ==》/tmp/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0
swapon /tmp/swapfile
20.pdksh-5.2.14没有安装。
修改<unzip path>/database/stage/cvu/cv/admin 目录下的
cvu_config文件
将其中的
CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL4
改为
CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL6
21.安装完成