安装包:

linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip

linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

1.创建运行oracle数据库的系统用户和用户组

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1 [cindyma@localhost ~]$ su root  #切换到root

2 Password:

3 [root@localhost]# groupadd oinstall  #创建用户组oinstall

4 [root@localhost]# groupadd dba  #创建用户组dba

5 [root@localhost]# useradd -g oinstall -g dba -m oracle  #创建oracle用户,并加入到oinstall和dba用户组

6 [root@localhost]# passwd oracle  #设置用户oracle的登陆密码,不设置密码,在CentOS的图形登陆界面没法登陆

7 Changing password for user oracle.

8 New password:   # 密码

9 BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters

10 Retype new password:   # 确认密码

11 passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.

12 [root@localhost]# id oracle # 查看新建的oracle用户

13 uid=1001(oracle) gid=1002(dba) groups=1002(dba)

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2.创建oracle数据库安装目录

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1 [root@localhost]# cd /. #进入根目录

2 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/oracle  #oracle数据库安装目录

3 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/oraInventory  #oracle数据库配置文件目录

4 [root@localhost]# mkdir -p /data/database  #oracle数据库软件包解压目录

5 [root@localhost]# cd /data

6 [root@localhost data]# ls  #创建完毕检查一下(强迫症)

7 database oracle oraInventory

8 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oracle  #设置目录所有者为oinstall用户组的oracle用户

9 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/oraInventory

10 [root@localhost data]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database

11 [root@localhost data]#

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3.修改OS系统标识(oracle默认不支持CentOS系统安装,但是centos其实就是redhat)

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1 [root@localhost data]# cat /proc/version

2 Linux version 3.10.0-514.26.2.el7.x86_64 (builder@kbuilder.dev.centos.org) (gcc version 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-11) (GCC) ) #1 SMP Tue Jul 4 15:04:05 UTC 2017

3 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release

4 CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)

5 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/redhat-release

6 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/redhat-release

7 redhat-7

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4.安装oracle数据库所需要的软件包

1 [root@localhost data]# yum -y install binutils* compat-libcap1* compat-libstdc++* gcc* gcc-c++* glibc* glibc-devel* ksh* libaio* libaio-devel* libgcc* libstdc++* libstdc++-devel* libXi* libXtst* make* sysstat* elfutils* unixODBC*

yum install binutils-2.* compat-libstdc++-33* elfutils-libelf-0.* elfutils-libelf-devel-* gcc-4.* gcc-c++-4.* glibc-2.* glibc-common-2.* glibc-devel-2.* glibc-headers-2.* ksh-2* libaio-0.* libaio-devel-0.* libgcc-4.* libstdc++-4.* libstdc++-devel-4.* make-3.* sysstat-7.* unixODBC-2.* unixODBC-devel-2.* pdksh*  

centos7需要的安装包,可以在Oracle上查看:https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E11882_01/install.112/e47689/pre_install.htm#LADBI1085

  我的版本当然对应的是这个版本:Oracle Linux 7 and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7

  它没有要求说要安装elfutils和unixODBC包,但是等安装Oracle检查安装前准备时,会提示说缺少这两个包,所以一并安装

  有时候使用yum安装的时候,会提示another app is currently holding the yum lock,这个时候打开另外一个terminal,在root用户下输入

  #rm -f /var/run/yum.pid

  强制关掉yum进程

5.关闭防火墙

service iptables stop

6.关闭selinux(需重启生效)

1 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/selinux/config

2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/selinux/config

/etc/selinux/config 最终文档为:

# This file controls the state of SELinux on the system.

# SELINUX= can take one of these three values:

# enforcing - SELinux security policy is enforced.

# permissive - SELinux prints warnings instead of enforcing.

# disabled - No SELinux policy is loaded.

SELINUX=disabled #此处修改为disabled

# SELINUXTYPE= can take one of three two values:

# targeted - Targeted processes are protected,

# minimum - Modification of targeted policy. Only selected processes are protected.

# mls - Multi Level Security protection.

SELINUXTYPE=targeted

7、修改内核参数(加入斜体部分)

1 [root@local++host data]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf

2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/sysctl.conf


# sysctl settings are defined through files in

# /usr/lib/sysctl.d/, /run/sysctl.d/, and /etc/sysctl.d/.

#

# Vendors settings live in /usr/lib/sysctl.d/.

# To override a whole file, create a new file with the same in

# /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there. To override

# only specific settings, add a file with a lexically later

# name in /etc/sysctl.d/ and put new settings there.

#

# For more information, see sysctl.conf(5) and sysctl.d(5).

net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小

kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max= 4194304

net.core.wmem_default= 262144

net.core.wmem_max= 1048576

8、使配置修改内核的参数生效

1 [root@localhost data]# sysctl -p


net.ipv4.icmp_echo_ignore_broadcasts = 1

net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter = 1

sysctl: setting key "fs.file-max": Invalid argument

fs.file-max = 6815744 #设置最大打开文件数

fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576

sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmall": Invalid argument

kernel.shmall = 2097152 #共享内存的总量,8G内存设置:2097152*4k/1024/1024

sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmax": Invalid argument

kernel.shmmax = 2147483648 #最大共享内存的段大小

sysctl: setting key "kernel.shmmni": Invalid argument

kernel.shmmni = 4096 #整个系统共享内存端的最大数

kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128

sysctl: setting key "net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range": Invalid argument

net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500 #可使用的IPv4端口范围

net.core.rmem_default = 262144

net.core.rmem_max = 4194304

net.core.wmem_default = 262144

net.core.wmem_max = 1048576

9、对oracle用户设置限制,提高软件运行性能(斜体为添加部分)

1 [root@localhost data]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf

2 [root@localhost data]# cat /etc/security/limits.conf

  在最下面部分添加内容(斜体为添加的内容)

@student - maxlogins 4


oracle soft nproc 2047

oracle hard nproc 16384

oracle soft nofile 1024

oracle hard nofile 65536


End offile

10、配置用户的环境变量(斜体部分为添加代码)

1 [root@localhost data]# vi /home/oracle/.bash_profile

2 [root@localhost data]# cat /home/oracle/.bash_profile


# .bash_profile

# Get the aliases and functions

if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then

. ~/.bashrc

fi

# User specific environment and startup programs

PATH=$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/bin

export PATH

export ORACLE_BASE=/data/oracle #oracle数据库安装目录

export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/11.2.0/db_1 #oracle数据库路径

export ORACLE_SID=orcl #oracle启动数据库实例名

export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl

export ORACLE_TERM=xterm #xterm窗口模式安装

export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:/usr/sbin:$PATH #添加系统环境变量

export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib #添加系统环境变量

export LANG=C #防止安装过程出现乱码

export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.ZHS16GBK #设置Oracle客户端字符集,必须与Oracle安装时设置的字符集保持一致

    

  export ORACLE_UNQNAME=orcl (in 11.2 dbconsole, the $ORACLE_UNQNAME needs to be set rather than $ORACLE_SID)

  报错:

  ERROR:export '=' not a valid identifier

  如果你给添加语句写成这样(等号两边带空格):export LANG = C就会报错

  不能给/etc/profile文件里加空格


11、使用户的环境变量配置立即生效

1 [root@localhost data]# source /home/oracle/.bash_profile

12.将安装包移动到/usr/local/src路径下

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1 [root@localhost ~]# cd /.

2 [root@localhost /]# cd /home/anzerong/Desktop/

3 [root@localhost Desktop]# ls

4 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

5 [root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip /usr/local/src

6 [root@localhost Desktop]# ls

7 linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

8 [root@localhost Desktop]# mv linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip /usr/local/src

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13.重启系统,确保所有设置生效

1 [root@localhost Desktop]# reboot

14.从oracle用户进入/usr/local/src目录

1 [oracle@localhost /]$ cd /usr/local/src

2 [oracle@localhost src]$ ls

3 linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip

15.解压两个软件包至/data/database/目录下

1 [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip -d /data/database/  #解压

2 (省略...)

3 [oracle@localhost src]$ unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip -d /data/database/  #解压

4 (省略...)

16.root权限下 chown -R oracle:oinstall /data/database/database/

17.直接使用oracle登录而不使用root再su

18.cd /data/database/database/ ./runInstaller弹出图形化页面

19.内存不足

dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/swapfile bs=800M count=2

mkswap -f /tmp/swapfile

vim /etc/fstab ==》/tmp/swapfile swap swap defaults 0 0

swapon /tmp/swapfile

20.pdksh-5.2.14没有安装。

修改<unzip path>/database/stage/cvu/cv/admin 目录下的

cvu_config文件

将其中的

CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL4

改为

CV_ASSUME_DISTID=OEL6

21.安装完成