我们有三个类,Db,FileSystem,Session;实际业务需求要组合操作这三个类.

 

一.常规做法



class Db
{
public function read($id)
{

}
}

class FileSystem
{
public function writeFile($file)
{

}
}

class Session
{
public function setSession($sessionName)
{

}
}

// 实际逻辑
class Logic
{
protected $db;
protected $file;
protected $session;

public function __construct()
{
$this->db = new Db();
$this->file = new FileSystem();
$this->session = new Session();
}

public function handle($id)
{
if ($name = $this->db->read($id)) {
$this->file->writeFile(md5($name) . '.txt');
$this->session->setSession($id);
}
}
}

$id = 11;
$client = new Logic();
$client->handle($id);


  

缺点:

Logic内部高度耦合了,Db,FileSystem,Session

如果这三个类的初始化条件变化,则需要修改Logic的构造方法.

 

二.参数依赖(类型提示,将新建关联类的放入调用处)

修改Logic代码如下:



class Logic
{
protected $db;
protected $file;
protected $session;

public function __construct(Db $db, FileSystem $file, Session $session)
{
$this->db = $db;
$this->file = $file;
$this->session = $session;
}

public function handle($id)
{
if ($name = $this->db->read($id)) {
$this->file->writeFile(md5($name) . '.txt');
$this->session->setSession($id);
}
}
}

$id = 11;
$db = new Db();
$file = new FileSystem();
$session = new Session();
$client = new Logic($db, $file, $session);
$client->handle($id);


  

优点:

实现了解耦

缺点:

业务变动,如果要更改Db类到MySql类或初始化条件变动,代码依然要改动.

ps:大部分的设计模式使用了该解耦方法.

 

三.容器

1.希望DB类,Session类,FileSystem类“拿来即用”,不用每次繁琐的初始化,比如写$db=new DB(arg1,arg2);这类语句。

2.希望DB等类型的对象是“全局”,在整个程序运行期间,随时可以调用。

3.调用DB等类型的程序员不用知道这个类太多的细节,甚至可以用一个字符串的别名来创建这样一个对象。

能够实现以上目标的就是IOC容器,可以把IOC容器简单的看成一个全局变量,并用关联数组把字符串和构造函数做绑定

 



// 容器
class Container
{
public $binds = array();

public function bind($abstract, $concreate)
{
$this->binds[$abstract] = $concreate;
}

public function make($abstract, $params = [])
{
return call_user_func_array($this->binds[$abstract], $params);
}
}


// 绑定或注册
$container = new Container();
$container->bind('db', function () {
return new Db();
});
$container->bind('file', function () {
return new FileSystem();
});
$container->bind('session', function () {
return new Session();
});



// 实际逻辑,容器依赖
class Logic
{
protected $db;
protected $file;
protected $session;

public function __construct(Container $container)
{
$this->db = $container->make('db');
$this->file = $container->make('file');
$this->session = $container->make('session');
}

public function handle($id)
{
if ($name = $this->db->read($id)) {
$this->file->writeFile(md5($name) . '.txt');
$this->session->setSession($id);
}
}
}

$id = 11;
$logic = new Logic($container);
$logic->handle($id);