1. 异常的体系结构
* java.lang.Throwable
* |-----java.lang.Error:一般不编写针对性的代码进行处理。
* |-----java.lang.Exception:可以进行异常的处理
* |------编译时异常(checked)
* |-----IOException
* |-----FileNotFoundException
* |-----ClassNotFoundException
* |------运行时异常(unchecked,RuntimeException)
* |-----NullPointerException
* |-----ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException
* |-----ClassCastException
* |-----NumberFormatException
* |-----InputMismatchException
* |-----ArithmeticException
2.从程序执行过程,看编译时异常和运行时异常
编译时异常:执行javac.exe命名时,可能出现的异常
运行时异常:执行java.exe命名时,出现的异常
3.常见的异常类型,请举例说明:
//******************以下是运行时异常*************************** //ArithmeticException @Test public void test6(){ int a = 10; int b = 0; System.out.println(a / b); } //InputMismatchException @Test public void test5(){ Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in); int score = scanner.nextInt(); System.out.println(score); scanner.close(); } //NumberFormatException @Test public void test4(){ String str = "123"; str = "abc"; int num = Integer.parseInt(str); } //ClassCastException @Test public void test3(){ Object obj = new Date(); String str = (String)obj; } //IndexOutOfBoundsException @Test public void test2(){ //ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException // int[] arr = new int[10]; // System.out.println(arr[10]); //StringIndexOutOfBoundsException String str = "abc"; System.out.println(str.charAt(3)); } //NullPointerException @Test public void test1(){ // int[] arr = null; // System.out.println(arr[3]); String str = "abc"; str = null; System.out.println(str.charAt(0)); } //******************以下是编译时异常*************************** @Test public void test7(){ // File file = new File("hello.txt"); // FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream(file); // // int data = fis.read(); // while(data != -1){ // System.out.print((char)data); // data = fis.read(); // } // // fis.close(); }