JUnit4---Hamcrest匹配器常用方法总结

一.Hamcrest是什么？

Hamcrest is a library of matchers, which can be combined in to create flexible expressions of intent in tests.

Hamcrest 是一个为了测试为目的，且能组合成灵活表达式的匹配器类库。

二.Hamcrest jar包

• hamcrest-core.jar -- This is the core API to be used by third-party framework providers. This includes the a foundation set of matcher implementations for common operations. This API is stable and will rarely change. You will need this library as a minimum.
• hamcrest-library.jar -- The ever-growing library of Matcher implementations. This will grow between releases.
• hamcrest-generator.jar -- A tool to allow many Matcher implementations to be combined into a single class so users don't have to remember many classes/packages to import. Generates code.
• hamcrest-integration.jar -- Provides integration between Hamcrest and other testing tools, including JUnit (3 and 4), TestNG, jMock and EasyMock.

Alternatively, if you don't care:

• hamcrest-all.jar -- Includes all of the above.

三.常用方法介绍

一般，在项目中导入hamcrest-core.jar， hamcrest-library.jar就能满足使用。

Eclipse新建一个JUnit test case； 测试类导入

import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*;

测试方法如下：

1. 

2. 

@Test



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public void testHamcrestMatchers() {


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// 核心匹配



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// allOf: 所有条件都必须满足，相当于&&



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assertThat("myname", allOf(startsWith("my"), containsString("name")));


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// anyOf: 其中一个满足就通过， 相当于||



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assertThat("myname", anyOf(startsWith("na"), containsString("name")));


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// both: &&



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assertThat("myname", both(containsString("my")).and(containsString("me")));


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// either: 两者之一



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assertThat("myname", either(containsString("my")).or(containsString("you")));


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// everyItem: 每个元素都需满足特定条件



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assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine"), everyItem(startsWith("m")));


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// hasItem: 是否有这个元素



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assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine"), hasItem("my"));


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// hasItems: 包含多个元素



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assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "mine", "your"), hasItems("your", "my"));


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// is: is(equalTo(x))或is(instanceOf(clazz.class))的简写



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assertThat("myname", is("myname"));


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assertThat("mynmae", is(String.class));


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// anything(): 任何情况下，都匹配正确



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assertThat("myname", anything());


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// not: 否为真，相当于！



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assertThat("myname", is(not("you")));


26. 

// nullValue(): 值为空



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String str = null;


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assertThat(str, is(nullValue()));


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// notNullValue(): 值不为空



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String str2 = "123";


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assertThat(str2, is(notNullValue()));


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33. 




34. 

// 字符串匹配



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// containsString：包含字符串



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assertThat("myname", containsString("na"));


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// stringContainsInOrder: 顺序包含，“my”必须在“me”前面



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assertThat("myname", stringContainsInOrder(Arrays.asList("my", "me")));


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// endsWith: 后缀



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assertThat("myname", endsWith("me"));


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// startsWith: 前缀



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assertThat("myname", startsWith("my"));


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// isEmptyString(): 空字符串



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assertThat("", isEmptyString());


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// equalTo: 值相等， Object.equals(Object)



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assertThat("myname", equalTo("myname"));


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assertThat(new String[] {"a", "b"}, equalTo(new String[] {"a", "b"}));


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// equalToIgnoringCase: 比较时，忽略大小写



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assertThat("myname", equalToIgnoringCase("MYNAME"));


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// equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace: 比较时， 首尾空格忽略， 比较时中间用单个空格



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assertThat(" my \t name ", equalToIgnoringWhiteSpace(" my name "));


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// isOneOf: 是否为其中之一



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assertThat("myname", isOneOf("myname", "yourname"));


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// isIn: 是否为其成员



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assertThat("myname", isIn(new String[]{"myname", "yourname"}));


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// toString() 返回值校验



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assertThat(333, hasToString(equalTo("333")));


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59. 




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// 数值匹配



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// closeTo: [operand-error, operand+error], Double或BigDecimal类型



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assertThat(3.14, closeTo(3, 0.5));


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assertThat(new BigDecimal("3.14"), is(closeTo(new BigDecimal("3"), new BigDecimal("0.5"))));


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// comparesEqualTo: compareTo比较值



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assertThat(2, comparesEqualTo(2));


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// greaterThan： 大于



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assertThat(2, greaterThan(0));


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// greaterThanOrEqualTo: 大于等于



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assertThat(2, greaterThanOrEqualTo(2));


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// lessThan: 小于



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assertThat(0, lessThan(2));


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// lessThanOrEqualTo: 小于等于



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assertThat(0, lessThanOrEqualTo(0));


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75. 




76. 




77. 

// 集合匹配



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// array: 数组长度相等且对应元素也相等



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assertThat(new Integer[]{1, 2, 3}, is(array(equalTo(1), equalTo(2), equalTo(3))));


80. 

// hasItemInArray: 数组是否包含特定元素



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assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, hasItemInArray(startsWith("y")));


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// arrayContainingInAnyOrder， 顺序无关，长度要一致



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assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayContainingInAnyOrder("you", "my"));


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// arrayContaining:  顺序，长度一致



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assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayContaining("my", "you"));


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// arrayWithSize: 数组长度



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assertThat(new String[]{"my", "you"}, arrayWithSize(2));


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// emptyArray: 空数组



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assertThat(new String[0], emptyArray());


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// hasSize: 集合大小



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assertThat(Arrays.asList("my", "you"), hasSize(equalTo(2)));


92. 

// empty: 空集合



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assertThat(new ArrayList<String>(), is(empty()));


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// isIn: 是否为集合成员



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assertThat("myname", isIn(Arrays.asList("myname", "yourname")));


96. 

// Map匹配



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Map<String, String> myMap = new HashMap<String, String>();


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myMap.put("name", "john");


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// hasEntry: key && value匹配



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assertThat(myMap, hasEntry("name", "john"));


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// hasKey: key匹配



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assertThat(myMap, hasKey(equalTo("name")));


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// hasValue: value匹配



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assertThat(myMap, hasValue(equalTo("john")));


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    }


106.