1. 索引和范围
以下 .NET 类型同时支持索引和范围:Array、String、Span
DateTime GetBirthdayFromIDNo(string idno) { if (idno.Length != 18) throw new Exception("身份证号码不正确"); return new DateTime(int.Parse(idno.Substring(6, 4)), int.Parse(idno.Substring(10, 2)), int.Parse(idno.Substring(12, 2))); } DateTime GetBirthdayFromIDNo2(string idno) { if (idno.Length != 18) throw new Exception("身份证号码不正确"); return new DateTime(int.Parse(idno[6..10]), int.Parse(idno[10..12]), int.Parse(idno[12..14])); }
例二、获取字符串最后一位的内容
var idNO = "330726197303273114"; var s1 = idNO.Substring(idNO.Length - 1); var s2 = idNO.Last(); var s3 = idNO[^1];
例三、移除最后最后一位的内容
var idNO = "330726197303273114"; var s1 = idNO.Substring(0,idNO.Length - 1); var s2 = idNO.Remove(idNO.Length - 1); var s3 = idNO[..^1];
**2. switch
表达式
public enum Rainbow { Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet } public static RGBColor FromRainbow(Rainbow colorBand) => colorBand switch { Rainbow.Red => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x00, 0x00), Rainbow.Orange => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0x7F, 0x00), Rainbow.Yellow => new RGBColor(0xFF, 0xFF, 0x00), Rainbow.Green => new RGBColor(0x00, 0xFF, 0x00), Rainbow.Blue => new RGBColor(0x00, 0x00, 0xFF), Rainbow.Indigo => new RGBColor(0x4B, 0x00, 0x82), Rainbow.Violet => new RGBColor(0x94, 0x00, 0xD3), _ => throw new ArgumentException(message: "invalid enum value", paramName: nameof(colorBand)), };
属性模式
public static decimal ComputeSalesTax(Address location, decimal salePrice) => location switch { { State: "WA" } => salePrice * 0.06M, { State: "MN" } => salePrice * 0.75M, { State: "MI" } => salePrice * 0.05M, // other cases removed for brevity... _ => 0M };
元组模式
public static string RockPaperScissors(string first, string second) => (first, second) switch { ("rock", "paper") => "rock is covered by paper. Paper wins.", ("rock", "scissors") => "rock breaks scissors. Rock wins.", ("paper", "rock") => "paper covers rock. Paper wins.", ("paper", "scissors") => "paper is cut by scissors. Scissors wins.", ("scissors", "rock") => "scissors is broken by rock. Rock wins.", ("scissors", "paper") => "scissors cuts paper. Scissors wins.", (_, _) => "tie" };
位置模式
某些类型包含 Deconstruct 方法,该方法将其属性解构为离散变量。 如果可以访问 Deconstruct 方法,就可以使用位置模式 检查对象的属性并将这些属性用于模式。 考虑以下 Point 类,其中包含用于为 X 和 Y 创建离散变量的 Deconstruct 方法:
public class Point { public int X { get; } public int Y { get; } public Point(int x, int y) => (X, Y) = (x, y); public void Deconstruct(out int x, out int y) => (x, y) = (X, Y); }
此外,请考虑以下表示象限的各种位置的枚举:
public enum Quadrant { Unknown, Origin, One, Two, Three, Four, OnBorder }
下面的方法使用位置模式 来提取 x 和 y 的值。 然后,它使用 when 子句来确定该点的 Quadrant:
static Quadrant GetQuadrant(Point point) => point switch { (0, 0) => Quadrant.Origin, var (x, y) when x > 0 && y > 0 => Quadrant.One, var (x, y) when x < 0 && y > 0 => Quadrant.Two, var (x, y) when x < 0 && y < 0 => Quadrant.Three, var (x, y) when x > 0 && y < 0 => Quadrant.Four, var (_, _) => Quadrant.OnBorder, _ => Quadrant.Unknown };
3. Null 合并赋值
Listnumbers = null; int? i = null; numbers ??= new List(); numbers.Add(i ??= 17); numbers.Add(i ??= 20); Console.WriteLine(string.Join(" ", numbers)); // output: 17 17 Console.WriteLine(i); // output: 17
**4. 构造函数表达式
public class Test1 { public int X { get; } public int Y { get; } public Test1(int x, int y) { X = x; Y = y; } } public class Test2 { public int X { get; } public int Y { get; } public Test2(int x, int y) => (X, Y) = (x, y); }