初识CentOS服务命令大全

（1）系统架构 

查看内核 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # uname -s -r
3. Linux 2.6.32-358.el6.x86_64
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查看发布版本 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # cat /etc/redhat-release
3. CentOS release 6.4 (Final)
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查看CPU架构 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # arch
3. x86_64(x86_64表示64位机器/i686表示32位机器)
4. # getconf LONG_BIT
5. 64
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（2）用户设置 

添加用户 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # /usr/sbin/useradd user1 -d /home/user1 -G nobody
3. # passwd user1
4. New password: 123456
5. Retype new password: 123456
6. passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
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确认用户 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # id user1
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删除用户 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # userdel -r user1
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赋予root权限 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # usermod -G wheel hoge
3. # vi /etc/pam.d/su
4. auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid # <= 取消注释
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用户一览 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # cat /etc/passwd
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（3）网络设置 

设置IP 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
3. DEVICE="eth0"
4. OTPROTO="static" # <=
5. HWADDR="00:0C:29:53:A5:AE"
6. IPV6INIT="no" # <=
7. NM_CONTROLLED="yes"
8. ONBOOT="yes"
9. TYPE="Ethernet"
10. UUID="1ca6acf4-ebce-415a-a89b-bf89a67819ff"
11. IPADDR="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
12. NETMASK="255.255.255.0" # <=
13. GATEWAY="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
14. DNS1="xxx.xxx.xx.xx" # <=
15. 
    
16. # service network restart
17. Shutting down interface eth0:
18. ......
19. Connection activated [ OK ]
20. 
    
21. # ifconfig
22. eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:2F:D5:58
23. inet addr:xxx.xxx.xx.xx Bcast:xxx.xxx.xx.xx Mask:255.255.255.0
24. ......
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卸载NestworkManager服务 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # chkconfig NetworkManager off
3. # yum -y remove NetworkManager
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关闭IPv6 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # service ip6tables stop
3. # chkconfig ip6tables off
4. # echo "install ipv6 /bin/true" >> /etc/modprobe.d/disable-ipv6.conf
5. # vi /etc/sysconfig/network
6. NETWORKING_IPV6=no
7. IPV6INIT=no
8. # vi /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
9. # shutdown -r now
10. # lsmod | grep ipv6
11. 没有ipv6模块
12. # netstat -an | grep ffff
13. 没有:ffff:开始的IP
14. # ifconfig
15. 没有inet6 addr开始的文字
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（4）包管理设置 

yum清理 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # yum clean all
3. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
4. Cleaning repos: base extras updates
5. Cleaning up Everything
6. # yum makecache
7. Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security
8. Determining fastest mirrors
9. ………….
10. Metadata Cache Created
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yum更新 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # yum -y update
   1. 
      

自动更新 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # yum -y install yum-cron
3. # vi /etc/sysconfig/yum-cron
4. CHECK_ONLY=yes
5. DOWNLOAD_ONLY=yes
6. # /etc/rc.d/init.d/yum-cron start
7. # chkconfig yum-cron on
8. # chkconfig --list yum-cron
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自动查找最快镜像 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # yum -y install yum-plugin-fastestmirror
3. # vi /etc/yum/pluginconf.d/fastestmirror.conf
4. enabled=0 ←0：无效 1：有效
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添加repository 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
3. 
   
4. # rpm -Uvh http://pkgs.repoforge.org/rpmforge-release/rpmforge-release-0.5.3-1.el6.rf.x86_64.rpm
5. # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/rpmforge.repo
6. enabled=0
7. # yum --enablerepo=rpmforge install xxxx
8. 
   
9. # rpm -Uvh http://ftp.riken.jp/Linux/fedora/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm
10. # vi /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
11. enabled=0
12. # yum --enablerepo=epel install xxxx
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（5）设置vim 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # yum -y install vim-enhanced
3. # vi /etc/profile
4. alias vi='vim'
5. # source /etc/profile
6. # vi /etc/vimrc
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（6）安全设置 

关闭SELinux 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # getenforce
3. # setenforce 0 ←临时关闭
4. # vi /etc/sysconfig/selinux
5. SELINUX=enforcing
6. ↓
7. SELINUX=disabled
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停止iptables 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # /etc/rc.d/init.d/iptables stop
3. iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
4. iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
5. iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
6. # chkconfig iptables off
7. # chkconfig --list iptables
8. iptables 0:off 1:off 2:off 3:off 4:off 5:off 6:off
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（7）系统运行情况 

磁盘使用情况 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # df -h
3. 
   
4. # yum -y install sysstat
5. # iostat
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内存使用情况 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # free -m
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CPU和内存 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # cat /proc/cpuinfo
3. # cat /proc/meminfo
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（8）其他 

本地语言化 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # yum -y groupinstall "Japanese Support"
3. # vi /etc/sysconfig/i18n
4. LANG="en_US.UTF-8"
5. ↓
6. LANG="ja_JP.UTF-8"
7. # source /etc/sysconfig/i18n
8. # echo $LANG
9. ja_JP.UTF-8
10. # shutdown -r now
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停止不必要的服务 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # chkconfig --list | grep 3:on
3. # service ip6tables stop
4. # chkconfig ip6tables off
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编码转换nkf(Network Kanji Filter) 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # yum -y install nkf
3. # vi readme.txt
4. test
5. 漢字
6. # nkf -g readme.txt
7. UTF-8 (LF)
8. # nkf -s --overwrite readme.txt
9. # nkf -g readme.txt
10. Shift_JIS (LF)
11. # nkf -j --overwrite readme.txt
12. # nkf -g readme.txt
13. ISO-2022-JP (LF)
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安装gcc 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # rpm -qa gcc
3. # yum -y install gcc gcc-c++
4. # gcc -v
5. Using built-in specs.
6. Target: i686-redhat-linux
7. …………
8. gcc version 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4) (GCC)
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安装PCRE 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # cd /usr/local/src
3. # wget ftp://ftp.csx.cam.ac.uk/pub/software/programming/pcre/pcre-8.35.tar.gz
4. # tar zxvf pcre-8.35.tar.gz
5. # cd /usr/local/src/pcre-8.35
6. # ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre/8.35
7. # make clean
8. # make && make install
9. # PATH=/usr/local/pcre/8.35/bin:$PATH
10. # vi /etc/ld.so.conf
11. /usr/local/pcre/8.35/lib ←末尾追加
12. # ldconfig
13. # rpm -qa pcre
14. pcre-7.8-6.el6.x86_64
15. # pcretest -C
16. PCRE version 7.8 2008-09-05
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安装OpenSSL 

Shell代码

1. 1. 
      
2. # cd /usr/local/src
3. # wget http://www.openssl.org/source/openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
4. # tar xzvf openssl-1.0.1h.tar.gz
5. # cd openssl-1.0.1h
6. # ./config shared -fPIC
7. # make && make install
8. # vi /etc/ld.so.conf
9. /usr/local/ssl/lib ←末尾追加
10. # ldconfig
11. # ldconfig -f /etc/ld.so.conf -vp|grep ssl/lib
12. libssl.so.1.0.0 (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so.1.0.0
13. libssl.so (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libssl.so
14. libcrypto.so.1.0.0 (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so.1.0.0
15. libcrypto.so (libc6) => /usr/local/ssl/lib/libcrypto.so
16. # /usr/local/ssl/bin/openssl version
17. OpenSSL 1.0.1h 5 Jun 2014
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NTP同步时间 

引用

# yum -y install ntp 

# mv /etc/ntp.conf /etc/ntp.conf.org 

# vi /etc/ntp.conf 

  driftfile /var/lib/ntp/drift 

  server 0.jp.pool.ntp.org 

  server 1.jp.pool.ntp.org 

  server 2.jp.pool.ntp.org 

  server 3.jp.pool.ntp.org 

# ntpdate 0.jp.pool.ntp.org 

# /etc/init.d/ntpd start 

# ntpq -p 

# ntpstat