Spring MVC中Junit测试简单讲解

spring boot——MockMvc的用法

本篇避免长篇大论，依次说明：依赖、测试dao或service、测试controller、说明事项、附源码。

　　1、依赖

<dependency>
　　<groupId>junit</groupId>
　　<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
　　<version>4.12</version>
　　<scope>test</scope> 
</dependency>
<dependency>
　　<groupId>com.jayway.jsonpath</groupId>
　　<artifactId>json-path</artifactId>
　　<version>2.2.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>

<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
　　<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
　　<version>5.1.0.RELEASE</version>
</dependency>

 <dependency>

     <groupId>org.hamcrest</groupId>

     <artifactId>hamcrest-core</artifactId>

     <version>1.3</version>

     <scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

　　2、测试dao、service

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring-context.xml"})
public class ArticleServiceDaoTest2 {

    @Autowired
    private ArticleDao articleDao;

    @Test
    public void getAllListTest() {
        List<Article> list=articleDao.getAllList();
        for(Article article:list) {
            System.out.println(article.getContent());
        }
    }

    @Test
    @Transactional
    public void addTest() {
        Article article = new Article();
        article.setClassify("2");
        article.setTitle("标题");
        article.setContent("内容");
        articleDao.insert(article);
    }

    @Test
    public void addTest2() {
        Article article = new Article();
        article.setClassify("2");
        article.setTitle("标题");
        article.setContent("内容");
        articleDao.insert(article);
    }
}

　　3、测试controller

@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)
@ContextConfiguration(locations = {"classpath:spring-context.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"})
@WebAppConfiguration
public class ArticleControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private WebApplicationContext webApplicationContext;
    protected MockMvc mockMvc;

    @Before
    public void setup(){
        //加载web容器上下文
        mockMvc = MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup(webApplicationContext).build();
    }

    //返回json串
    @Test
    public void getByIdTest() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/article/getById")
                .param("id", "15")
                .accept(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.content().contentTypeCompatibleWith(MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.id").value(15))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.jsonPath("$.content").value("123456"))
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();
    }

    //返回视图
    @Test
    public void detailTest() throws Exception {
        MvcResult result = mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.get("/article/detail").param("id", "15"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.view().name("page/detail"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk())
                .andDo(MockMvcResultHandlers.print())
                .andReturn();    
        Assert.assertNotNull(result.getModelAndView().getModel().get("article"));
    }

    //添加实体
    @Test
    public void addTest() throws Exception {
        ResultActions resultActions = mockMvc.perform(
                 MockMvcRequestBuilders
                 .get("/article/add")//开始的斜杠不能丢，否则404
                 .contentType(MediaType.APPLICATION_FORM_URLENCODED)
                 .param("title", "测试用户1")
                 .param("classify", "123456")
                 .param("content", "123456"));
        MvcResult mvcResult = resultActions
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk()) //判断返回状态是否200
                .andReturn();
        String result = mvcResult.getResponse().getContentAsString();
        System.out.println("result:"+result);
    }

    //删除
    @Transactional
    @Test
    public void deleteTest() throws Exception {
        mockMvc.perform(MockMvcRequestBuilders.post("/article/delete")
                .param("id", "15"))
                .andExpect(MockMvcResultMatchers.status().isOk());
    }
}

　　说明事项：

　　（1）json-path：该jar包用于解析json，特别方便。

　　（2）测试service与测试dao类似：测试dao注入dao的bean；测试service注入service的bean。

　　（3）添加@Transactional注解，无论是否执行成功都会回滚事务，好处是不会污染数据库。

　　（4）测试Controller中路径不要忘了加斜杠如：/article/add（正确），article/add（错误）。

　　（5）测试dao、service与controller相同点都有注解@RunWith与@ContextConfiguration；不同点测试controller要加@WebAppConfiguration。

　　（6）注解@ContextConfiguration中的配置文件根据需要设置，例如测试controller要加spring-mvc.xml，测试dao和service则不需要。

　　附：源码类

　　ArticleDao.java

public interface ArticleDao {
    void insert(Article article);
    void delete(Integer id);
    Article getById(Integer id);
    List<Article> getListByParams(Article article);
    List<Article> getAllList();
    void update(Article article);
}

　　ArticleController.java

@Controller
@RequestMapping("/article")
public class ArticleController {

@Autowired
    private ArticleService articleService;

    @RequestMapping("/add")
    @ResponseBody
    public Result add(Article article) {
        try {
            articleService.add(article);
            return new Result("添加成功！");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return new Result("500","添加失败"+e);
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("/delete")
    @ResponseBody
    public Result delete(Integer id) {
        try {
            articleService.delete(id);
            return new Result("删除成功！");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return new Result("500","删除失败！"+e);
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getById")
    @ResponseBody
    public Article getById(Integer id) {
        return articleService.getById(id);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getListByParams")
    @ResponseBody
    public List<Article> getListByParams(Article article) {
        return articleService.getListByParams(article);
    }

    @RequestMapping("/getAllList")
    @ResponseBody
    public List<Article> getAllList() {
        return articleService.getAllList();
    }

    @RequestMapping("/update")
    @ResponseBody
    public Result update(Article article) {
        try {
            articleService.update(article);
            return new Result("修改成功！");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            return new Result("500","修改失败！"+e);
        }
    }

    @RequestMapping(value = "detail")
    public String detail(Integer id, Model model) {
        Article article = articleService.getById(id);
        model.addAttribute("article", article);
        return "page/detail";
    }

}