MongoDB权限说明
权限误区:并不是说下面的排序就证明权限越来越大除了 readWrite 权限用户外(root权限用户也包括),其它用户都不具备对数据库的写入权限,除 read 权限外,其它用户都不具备对数据库中的读权限,每个权限的功能各不一样(除root外)
普通用户
普通用户只是拥有下面的读写权限
权限 | 说明 |
Read | 允许用户读取指定数据库 |
readWrite | 允许用户读写指定数据库 |
管理用户
管理用户具备下面说明的一些操作权限
权限 | 说明 |
dbAdmin | 允许用户在指定数据库中指定管理函数,如(索引创建、删除、查看统计访问system.profile) |
userAdmin | 允许用户向system.users集合写入,可以找指定数据里面创建、删除和管理用户 |
clusterAdmin | 只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有分片和复制集相关函数的管理权限 |
授权用户
以下用户主要是为其它用户赋予相应的权限
权限 | 说明 |
readAnyDatabase | 只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有数据库的读权限 |
readWriteAnyDatabase | 只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有数据库的读写权限 |
userWriteAnyDatabase | 只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有数据库的userAdmin权限 |
dbAdminAnyDatabase | 只在admin数据库中可用,赋予用户所有数据库的dbAdmin权限 |
超级管理员
可以无所不能,为所欲为
权限 | 说明 |
root | 只在admin数据库中可用,超级管理员 |
mongodb安装好后第一次进入是不需要密码的,也没有任何用户,直接连接进入即可
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo --host 192.168.31.215 --port 27018
创建管理用户
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.createUser ( {
... user:"manage",
... pwd:"123456",
... roles:[ { role:"root", db:"admin" } ]
... }
... )
#返回以下信息代表创建成功
Successfully added user: {
"user" : "manage",
"roles" : [
{
"role" : "root",
"db" : "admin"
}
]
}
退出登录,然后在mongodb配置文件中开启认证
vim /usr/local/mongodb/27018/conf/mongod.confsecurity: authorization: enabled javascriptEnabled: true
重启mongodb
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod --shutdown -f /usr/local/mongodb/27018/conf/mongod.conf /usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongod -f /usr/local/mongodb/27018/conf/mongod.conf
连接mongodb
/usr/local/mongodb/bin/mongo --host 192.168.31.215 --port 27018MongoDB shell version v4.2.0connecting to: mongodb://192.168.31.215:27018/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodbImplicit session: session { "id" : UUID("fc77266a-b2ff-4eb0-b6ca-c493c7c29143") }MongoDB server version: 4.2.0> use admin #进入admin库中先进行账号认证switched to db admin > db.auth('manage','123456') #认证账号,值返回1代表认证成功1
mongdb库创建读写用户
> db.createUser( {... user:"zhangsan",... pwd:"zhangsan",... roles:[ { role:"readWrite", db:"mongdb" } ]... }... )Successfully added user: { "user" : "zhangsan", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "mongdb" } ]}
验证创建的zhangsan用户(不需要退出登录)
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth('zhangsan','zhangsan')
1
> show dbs #查看数据库,因为mongdb数据库存储数据,所以看不到
> use mongdb #直接 use 到mongdb数据库中
switched to db mongdb
#插入 json 格式文档到 coll 集合中
> db.coll.insert({"name": "Zhangsan","url": "http://abcops.cn","age": 25,"isNonProfit": true,})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> show collections #查看已存在集合
coll
> db.coll.find() #读取集合中的数据
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5d8b24c2f1c33f4950f2c5df"), "name" : "Zhangsan", "url" : "http://abcops.cn", "age" : 25, "isNonProfit" : true }
以上完成了读写权限的验证
一个用户多个权限
为 lisi 用户授权 01db read权限 02db readWrite 03db dbAdmin权限 04db userAdmin权限
这次先把数据库创建出来
> use admin
switched to db admin
> db.auth('manage','123456')
1
> use 01db
switched to db 01db
> db.coll.insert({"name": "01db","url": "http://abcops.cn","age": 25,"isNonProfit": true,})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> use 02db
switched to db 02db
> db.coll.insert({"name": "02db","url": "http://abcops.cn","age": 25,"isNonProfit": true,})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> use 03db
switched to db 03db
> db.coll.insert({"name": "03db","url": "http://abcops.cn","age": 25,"isNonProfit": true,})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> use 04db
switched to db 04db
> db.coll.insert({"name": "04db","url": "http://abcops.cn","age": 25,"isNonProfit": true,})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
创建用户并授权
> db.createUser( {... user:"lisi",... pwd:"123456",... roles: [ { role:"read",db:"01db" },... { role:"readWrite",db:"02db" },... { role:"dbAdmin",db:"03db" },... { role:"userAdmin",db:"04db" } ]... }... )Successfully added user: { "user" : "lisi", "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "01db" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "02db" }, { "role" : "dbAdmin", "db" : "03db" }, { "role" : "userAdmin", "db" : "04db" } ]}
查看所有用户
> show users{ "_id" : "admin.admin", "userId" : UUID("9958faa5-7132-4146-8775-a001e47fe7f8"), "user" : "admin", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ], "mechanisms" : [ "SCRAM-SHA-1" ]}{ "_id" : "admin.lisi", "userId" : UUID("bc8e5dc7-2f8c-40c1-8190-cea4951ae4a1"), "user" : "lisi", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "read", "db" : "01db" }, { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "02db" }, { "role" : "dbAdmin", "db" : "03db" }, { "role" : "userAdmin", "db" : "04db" } ], "mechanisms" : [ "SCRAM-SHA-1" ]}{ "_id" : "admin.manage", "userId" : UUID("e1b34f57-06f2-4ef1-b23a-2d46a3964fbf"), "user" : "manage", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "root", "db" : "admin" } ], "mechanisms" : [ "SCRAM-SHA-1" ]}{ "_id" : "admin.micvs", "userId" : UUID("1f4837c7-8c14-40d4-8a21-d621e0bcc278"), "user" : "micvs", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "dbAdminAnyDatabase", "db" : "admin" } ], "mechanisms" : [ "SCRAM-SHA-1", "SCRAM-SHA-256" ]}{ "_id" : "admin.zhangsan", "userId" : UUID("1003726b-c7fc-44e6-b001-b5c828bfb40d"), "user" : "zhangsan", "db" : "admin", "roles" : [ { "role" : "readWrite", "db" : "mongdb" } ], "mechanisms" : [ "SCRAM-SHA-1" ]}