查看
新建一个测试库和一张测试表
mysql> create database test; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec) mysql> CREATE TABLE `tb_test` ( -> `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, -> `name` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '名称', -> PRIMARY KEY (`id`) -> ) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4; Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
查看MYSQL数据库字符集
show variables like '%character%'; show variables like 'collation%';
eg：
mysql> show variables like '%character%'; +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ | character_set_client | utf8 | | character_set_connection | utf8 | | character_set_database | utf8mb4 | | character_set_filesystem | binary | | character_set_results | utf8 | | character_set_server | utf8 | | character_set_system | utf8 | | character_sets_dir | /opt/mysql-5.7.20-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/share/charsets/ | +--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------------+ 8 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> show variables like 'collation%'; +----------------------+--------------------+ | Variable_name | Value | +----------------------+--------------------+ | collation_connection | utf8_general_ci | | collation_database | utf8mb4_general_ci | | collation_server | utf8_general_ci | +----------------------+--------------------+ 3 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查看支持的字符集
show charset;
eg：
mysql> show charset; +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ | big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 | | dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 | | cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 | | hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 | | koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 | | latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 | | latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 | | swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 | | ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 | | ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 | | sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 | | hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 | | tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 | | euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 | | koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 | | gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 | | greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 | | cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 | | gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 | | latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 | | armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 | | utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 | | ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 | | cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 | | keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 | | macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 | | macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 | | cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 | | latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 | | utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 | | cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 | | utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 | | utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 | | cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 | | cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 | | utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 | | binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 | | geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 | | cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 | | eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 | | gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 | +----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+ 41 rows in set (0.00 sec)
查某张表的字符集
show table status from 库名 like 表名
eg：
mysql>mysql> show table status from test like 'tb_test'; +---------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+--------------------+----------+----------------+---------+ | Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment | +---------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+--------------------+----------+----------------+---------+ | tb_test | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 0 | 0 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2019-07-09 12:39:21 | NULL | NULL | utf8mb4_general_ci | NULL | | | +---------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+-------------+------------+--------------------+----------+----------------+---------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
- 查看表中所有列的字符
show full columns from 表名;
demo:
mysql> show full columns from tb_test; +-------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+ | Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment | +-------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+ | id | int(11) | NULL | NO | PRI | NULL | auto_increment | select,insert,update,references | | | name | varchar(255) | utf8mb4_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | 名称 | +-------+--------------+--------------------+------+-----+---------+----------------+---------------------------------+---------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql>
设置
库的字符集
-- 新建 create database 库名 default character set=字符集; -- 修改 alter database 库名 default character set 字符集;
表的字符集
-- 新建 create table 表名（属性）default character set = 字符集; -- 修改 alter table 表名（属性） convert to character set 字符集;
修改全局字符集
/*建立连接使用的编码*/ set character_set_connection=utf8; /*数据库的编码*/ set character_set_database=utf8; /*结果集的编码*/ set character_set_results=utf8; /*数据库服务器的编码*/ set character_set_server=utf8; set character_set_system=utf8; set collation_connection=utf8; set collation_database=utf8; set collation_server=utf8;
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