Android手机拍照、剪裁,并非那么简单

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  • 前言 
    项目中,基本都有用户自定义头像或自定义背景的功能,实现方法一般都是调用系统相机–拍照,或者系统相册–选择照片,然后进行剪裁,最终设为头像或背景。 
    而在Android6.0之后,需要动态获取权限,而且Android7.0之后,无法直接根据拍照返回的URI拿到图片,这是因为从安卓7.0开始,直接使用本地真实路径被认为是不安全的,会抛出FileUriExposedExCeption异常,本文就是基于这个功能去针对Android7.0进行操作。 
    废话不多说,先把基本的页面建立,先来布局。
  • 布局
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:app="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:background="@color/transparent_black_80"
android:orientation="vertical">

<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/toolbar"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="50dp"
android:background="@color/black"
android:visibility="visible">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_camera"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="10dp"
android:text="@string/camera"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:textSize="18sp" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_picture"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_centerInParent="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="10dp"
android:text="@string/picture"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:textSize="18sp" />

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_done"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_alignParentRight="true"
android:gravity="center"
android:padding="10dp"
android:text="@string/done"
android:textColor="@color/white"
android:textSize="18sp" />
</RelativeLayout>

<RelativeLayout
android:id="@+id/rl_camera"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="0dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@color/black">


<com.isseiaoki.simplecropview.CropImageView xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/iv_wallpaper"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
custom:scv_crop_mode="fit_image"
custom:scv_frame_color="@color/white"
custom:scv_frame_stroke_weight="3dp"
custom:scv_guide_color="@color/white"
custom:scv_guide_show_mode="show_on_touch"
custom:scv_guide_stroke_weight="1dp"
custom:scv_handle_color="@color/white"
custom:scv_handle_show_mode="show_always"
custom:scv_handle_size="8dp"
custom:scv_min_frame_size="100dp"
custom:scv_overlay_color="@color/down_fragment_alpha" />
</RelativeLayout>

<LinearLayout
android:id="@+id/ll_contral"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="90dp"
android:background="@color/white"
android:orientation="horizontal"
android:paddingBottom="30dp"
android:paddingLeft="30dp"
android:paddingRight="30dp"
android:paddingTop="20dp"
android:visibility="visible">

<TextView
android:id="@+id/tv_reset"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginRight="14dp"
android:layout_weight="2"
android:background="@drawable/reset_selector"
android:gravity="center"
android:text="Reset"
android:textColor="@color/white" />

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/left_rotate"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginRight="14dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@drawable/wallpaper_selector"
android:src="@drawable/rotate_left" />

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/right_rotate"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginRight="14dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@drawable/wallpaper_selector"
android:src="@drawable/rotate_right" />

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/up_reversal"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_marginRight="14dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@drawable/wallpaper_selector"
android:src="@drawable/reversal_up" />

<ImageView
android:id="@+id/left_reversal"
android:layout_width="0dp"
android:layout_height="40dp"
android:layout_weight="1"
android:background="@drawable/wallpaper_selector"
android:src="@drawable/reversal_left" />
</LinearLayout>

</LinearLayout>


Android7.0调用系统相机拍照、读取系统相册照片+CropImageView剪裁照片_xml

布局很简单,点击Camera、Picture、Done,分别调用手机拍照、调用系统相册照片、完成操作。

  • 调用相机拍照
    Android6.0之前,调用系统拍照,只需要在AndroidManifest.xml声明 
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CAMERA" /> 
    <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/> 
    权限,而在6.0以后,则需要申请权限,先来调用相机拍照。 
    1.初始化控件,使用ButterKnife,这个简直傻瓜式的完成
    @BindView(R.id.tv_camera)
TextView tvCamera;
@BindView(R.id.tv_picture)
TextView tvPicture;
@BindView(R.id.tv_done)
TextView tvDone;
@BindView(R.id.toolbar)
RelativeLayout toolbar;
@BindView(R.id.iv_wallpaper)
CropImageView ivWallpaper;
@BindView(R.id.rl_camera)
RelativeLayout rlCamera;
@BindView(R.id.tv_reset)
TextView tvReset;
@BindView(R.id.left_rotate)
ImageView leftRotate;
@BindView(R.id.right_rotate)
ImageView rightRotate;
@BindView(R.id.up_reversal)
ImageView upReversal;
@BindView(R.id.left_reversal)
ImageView leftReversal;
@BindView(R.id.ll_contral)
LinearLayout llContral;
private static final int CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE = 1;
private static final int REQUEST_CAPTURE = 2;
private static final int REQUEST_PICTURE = 5;
private static final int REVERSAL_LEFT = 3;
private static final int REVERSAL_UP = 4;
private Uri imageUri;
private Uri localUri = null;


2.点击拍照:

tvCamera.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View view) {
checkPremission(); //检查权限
}
});


private void checkPremission() {
final String permission = Manifest.permission.CAMERA; //相机权限
final String permission1 = Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE; //写入数据权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
|| ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, permission1) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { //先判断是否被赋予权限,没有则申请权限
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(this, permission)) { //给出权限申请说明
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(SkinActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA, Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE);
} else { //直接申请权限
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(SkinActivity.this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.CAMERA}, CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE); //申请权限,可同时申请多个权限,并根据用户是否赋予权限进行判断
}
} else { //赋予过权限,则直接调用相机拍照
openCamera();
}
}



@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) { //申请权限的返回值
case CAMERA_REQUEST_CODE:
int length = grantResults.length;
final boolean isGranted = length >= 1 && PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED == grantResults[length - 1];
if (isGranted) { //如果用户赋予权限,则调用相机
openCamera();
}else{ //未赋予权限,则做出对应提示

}
break;
default:
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
}


private void openCamera() { //调用相机拍照
Intent intent = new Intent();
File file = new FileStorage().createIconFile(); /工具类,稍后会给出
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) { //针对Android7.0,需要通过FileProvider封装过的路径,提供给外部调用
imageUri = FileProvider.getUriForFile(SkinActivity.this, "com.ddz.demo", file);//通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri,进行封装
} else { //7.0以下,如果直接拿到相机返回的intent值,拿到的则是拍照的原图大小,很容易发生OOM,所以我们同样将返回的地址,保存到指定路径,返回到Activity时,去指定路径获取,压缩图片
try {
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(ImageUtils.createFile(FileUtils.getInst().getPhotoPathForLockWallPaper(), true));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE);//设置Action为拍照
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri);//将拍取的照片保存到指定URI
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CAPTURE);//启动拍照
}

通过FileProvider创建一个content类型的Uri,不仅是通过FileProvider.getUriForFile(SkinActivity.this, “com.ddz.demo”, file);而且在AndroidManifest.xml中进行配置,android:authorities要和FileProvider中一样,同时在xml中配置路径

  <provider
android:name="android.support.v4.content.FileProvider"
android:authorities="com.ddz.demo"
android:exported="false"
android:grantUriPermissions="true">
<meta-data
android:name="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android:resource="@xml/file_paths" />
</provider>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<paths xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">
<external-path
name="my_images"
path="images/" />
</paths>
  • 系统相册选择照片 
    系统相册选择照片比较简单,直接调用对应方法: 
    Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_PICK, MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI); 
    startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_PICTURE);
  • 剪裁照片 
    思路:拿到返回路径之后,,获取图像,并压缩,返回压缩图像进行剪裁
 @Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
switch (requestCode) {
case REQUEST_CAPTURE:
if (null != imageUri) {
localUri = imageUri;
setBitmap(localUri);//获取拍照并自定义保存地址的照片
}
break;
case REQUEST_PICTURE:
if(data.getData()){
localUri = data.getData();
setBitmap(localUri); //获取相册选择的照片

}
break;
}


  • * 获取图片,并剪裁,使用的是一个强大的第三方剪裁库 
    SimpleCropView,具体用法可以看READ.ME, 
    build.gradle中添加依赖:
repositories {
jcenter()
}
dependencies {
compile 'com.isseiaoki:simplecropview:1.1.4'
}

​AndroidManifest.xml​​ 添加必要的权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"/>

要剪裁的图片布局,使用类似于ImageView,其中 

Android7.0调用系统相机拍照、读取系统相册照片+CropImageView剪裁照片_系统相册_02 

scv_frame_color—剪裁框外边框的颜色 

scv_guide_color—剪裁框内边线的颜色 

scv_handle_color—剪裁框四个角的圆点颜色 

scv_overlay_color—覆盖图片的颜色 

而且,scv_guide和scv_hanle有三种显示模式,SHOW_ALWAYS(default)–默认一直显示, NOT_SHOW–不显示, SHOW_ON_TOUCH–触碰显示。 

可以组合使用 

Android7.0调用系统相机拍照、读取系统相册照片+CropImageView剪裁照片_系统相册_03 

其他方法 

获取剪裁之后的Bitmap 

​getCroppedBitmap()(Sync method)​

开始剪裁, 

​startCrop(Uri saveUri, CropCallback cropCallback, SaveCallback saveCallback)(Async Method, RECOMMENDED)​

压缩格式 

有三种格式可选, PNG(默认),JPEG, 和WEBP. 

​setCompressFormat(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG);​

压缩 质量 

可以设置压缩质量范围 0~100(默认100) 

​setCompressQuality(90);​

固定输出大小

​setOutputWidth(100); // If cropped image size is 400x200, output size is 100x50​​ 

​setOutputHeight(100); // If cropped image size is 400x200, output size is 200x100​

设置剪裁比例 

多种比例可选

FIT_IMAGE, RATIO_4_3, RATIO_3_4, SQUARE(default), RATIO_16_9, RATIO_9_16, FREE, CUSTOM, CIRCLE, CIRCLE_SQUARE
cropImageView.setCropMode(CropImageView.CropMode.RATIO_16_9);

旋转图像


cropImageView.rotateImage(CropImageView.RotateDegrees.ROTATE_90D); // 左旋转90度 
cropImageView.rotateImage(CropImageView.RotateDegrees.ROTATE_M90D); // 右旋转90度​

是否开启旋转动画 

​setAnimationEnabled(true);​

设置旋转动画时长 

​setAnimationDuration(200);​

设置旋转动画加速器 

​setInterpolator(new AccelerateDecelerateInterpolator());​

布局中使用CropImageView

<com.isseiaoki.simplecropview.CropImageView xmlns:custom="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
android:id="@+id/iv_wallpaper"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_weight="1"
custom:scv_crop_mode="fit_image"
custom:scv_frame_color="@color/white"
custom:scv_frame_stroke_weight="3dp"
custom:scv_guide_color="@color/white"
custom:scv_guide_show_mode="show_on_touch"
custom:scv_guide_stroke_weight="1dp"
custom:scv_handle_color="@color/white"
custom:scv_handle_show_mode="show_always"
custom:scv_handle_size="8dp"
custom:scv_min_frame_size="100dp"
custom:scv_overlay_color="@color/down_fragment_alpha" />


         * 根据Uri获取图像并压缩图像
*
* @param uri
*/
private void setBitmap(Uri uri) {
if (uri != null) { //使用Rxjava进行耗时操作并切换线程
Observable.create((rx.Observable.OnSubscribe<Bitmap>) subscriber -> {
subscriber.onNext(ImageUtils.getCompressBitmap(LockCameraActivity.this, uri)); //针对拍照和系统相册获取图片遇到的图片过大导致OOM问题,剪裁之前先对图像进行压缩
subscriber.onCompleted();
}).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io()) //分线程进行
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()) //主线程设置bitmap
.subscribe(bitmap -> {
ivWallpaper.setCropMode(CropImageView.CropMode.RATIO_9_16);比例是9:16
if (bitmap != null) ivWallpaper.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
});
} else {
backLock();
}
}

根据上面操作,Android7.0调用系统相机拍照、读取系统相册照片+CropImageView剪裁照片_android_04 

已经完成系统拍照或者获取系统相册图片并压缩步骤,显示了剪裁页面,此时根据需求,有重置、左旋转、右旋转、上下翻转、左右翻转, 

设置五个点击事件

    public void onClick(View view) {
switch (view.getId()) {
break;
case R.id.tv_reset:
setBitmap(localUri); //重置,重新获取图像压缩并显示在ivWallpaper上
break;
case R.id.left_rotate:
ivWallpaper.rotateImage(CropImageView.RotateDegrees.ROTATE_M90D); //左旋转
break;
case R.id.right_rotate:
ivWallpaper.rotateImage(CropImageView.RotateDegrees.ROTATE_90D);//右旋转
break;
case R.id.up_reversal:
takeReversal(REVERSAL_UP);//上下翻转
break;
case R.id.left_reversal:
takeReversal(REVERSAL_LEFT);//左右翻转
break;
case R.id.tv_done:

break;
}
}


private void takeReversal(int reversal) {
Observable.create((Observable.OnSubscribe<Bitmap>) subscriber -> {
subscriber.onNext(getRotateBitmap(reversal)); //翻转图像
subscriber.onCompleted();
}).subscribeOn(Schedulers.io())
.observeOn(AndroidSchedulers.mainThread()).subscribe(bitmap -> {
ivWallpaper.setImageBitmap(bitmap);
});
}


/**
* 翻转图像
*
* @param reversal
* @return
*/
private Bitmap getRotateBitmap(int reversal) {
Bitmap bitmap = ivWallpaper.getImageBitmap();
if (bitmap == null) {
return null;
}
int width = bitmap.getWidth();
int height = bitmap.getHeight();
Matrix matrix = new Matrix();
if (reversal == REVERSAL_UP) { //上下翻转
matrix.postScale(1, -1); //X轴不变,Y轴翻转
} else if (reversal == REVERSAL_LEFT) { //左右翻转
matrix.postScale(-1, 1); //Y轴不变,X轴翻转
}
Bitmap bitmap1 = Bitmap.createBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, width, height, matrix, true);
if (bitmap1 != null) return bitmap1;
return null;
}

最后,如果要得到最后的头像,直接调用​​ivWallpaper.getCroppedBitmap()​​ 得到剪裁后的图像。

粗略介绍了Android7.0调用相机拍照的坑,已经6.0开始的动态权限申请,已经剪裁、旋转、翻转图像等一系列操作,demo只是个参考,大家可以根据自己需求,进一步封装。