以前写过类似的东西,用来自动生成数据。

你可以将 Stored Procedure 理解为可以重复使用的批处理文件。

Stored Procedure 非常有用,我们应该尽可能地去使用它。

那么,应用 Stored Procedure 有什么好处呢?

  • 封装过程,简化复杂的操作
  • 代码重用、共用,所有人都用同一个存储过程,减少出错的可能
  • 简化变更管理,如果业务逻辑发生改变,修改存储过程就可以了,上层软件甚至不需要知道发生了什么改变。
  • 提高性能,存储过程比单条执行要快
  • MySQL 语言让存储过程更加强大和灵活

查看已存在的存储过程(这个结果是可以过滤的!):

SHOW PROCEDURE STATUS;
SHOW CREATE PROCEDURE procedure_name;

调用一个已经存在的存储过程非常简单:

CALL productpricing(@pricelow,
                    @pricehigh,
                    @priceaverage);

但是写起来就没那么简单了,首先看一个简单的例子:

CREATE PROCEDURE productpricing()
BEGIN
   SELECT Avg(prod_price) AS priceaverage
   FROM products;
END;

这个示例创建了一个叫 productpricing() 的存储过程,丢到命令行跑一下:

mysql> CREATE PROCEDURE productpricing()
    -> BEGIN
    ->    SELECT Avg(prod_price) AS priceaverage
    ->    FROM products;
ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '' at line 4

由于分隔符原因,创建失败了, 解决方案是临时地改变分隔符:

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE productpricing()
BEGIN
   SELECT Avg(prod_price) AS priceaverage
   FROM products;
END //

DELIMITER ;

再次丢进去跑,然后调用新创建的存储过程:

mysql> CALL productpricing();
+--------------+
| priceaverage |
+--------------+
|    16.133571 |
+--------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

 删除这个存储过程:

DROP PROCEDURE IF EXISTS productpricing;

创建并调用一个升级版本的存储过程:

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE productpricing(
   OUT pl DECIMAL(8,2),
   OUT ph DECIMAL(8,2),
   OUT pa DECIMAL(8,2)
)
BEGIN
   SELECT Min(prod_price)
   INTO pl
   FROM products;
   SELECT Max(prod_price)
   INTO ph
   FROM products;
   SELECT Avg(prod_price)
   INTO pa
   FROM products;
END //

DELIMITER ;
mysql> CALL productpricing(@pricelow,
    ->                     @pricehigh,
    ->                     @priceaverage);
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT @pricelow, @pricehigh, @priceaverage;
+-----------+------------+---------------+
| @pricelow | @pricehigh | @priceaverage |
+-----------+------------+---------------+
|      2.50 |      55.00 |         16.13 |
+-----------+------------+---------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

就像上面看到的,MySQL 的变量名必须以 @ 开头。MySQL 所允许的变量类型和表中允许的字段类型是一致的,对于存储过程参数而言,可以再分成三大类:IN参数 OUT参数 以及 INOUT参数,再次看一个简单的例子,创建如下存储过程:

DELIMITER //

CREATE PROCEDURE ordertotal(
   IN onumber INT,
   OUT ototal DECIMAL(8,2)
)
BEGIN
   SELECT Sum(item_price*quantity)
   FROM orderitems
   WHERE order_num = onumber
   INTO ototal;
END // 

DELIMITER ;

查看 id 为 20006 的订单总价:

mysql> CALL ordertotal(20006, @total);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> SELECT @total
    -> ;
+--------+
| @total |
+--------+
|  55.00 |
+--------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

我一直觉得存储过程这个翻译有歧义,可能改成“被存储的过程”会比较好懂。。。

下面我们来创建一个更智能的存储过程,这才是存储过程真正的用途:

-- Name: ordertotal
-- Parameters: onumber = order number
--             taxable = 0 if not taxable, 1 if taxable
--             ototal = order total variable

CREATE PROCEDURE ordertotal(
   IN onumber INT,
   IN taxable BOOLEAN,
   OUT ototal DECIMAL(8,2)
) COMMENT 'Obtain order total, optionally adding tax'
BEGIN

   -- Declare variable for total
   DECLARE total DECIMAL(8,2);
   -- Declare tax percentage
   DECLARE taxrate INT DEFAULT 6;

   -- Get the order total
   SELECT Sum(item_price*quantity)
   FROM orderitems
   WHERE order_num = onumber
   INTO total;

   -- Is this taxable?
   IF taxable THEN
      -- Yes, so add taxrate to the total
      SELECT total+(total/100*taxrate) INTO total;
   END IF;

   -- And finally, save to out variable
   SELECT total INTO ototal;

END;

 

这个活由上层程序做比较好,还是数据库来做好? - - - - 待更新

 

更多详细内容参看官方文档 https://dev.mysql.com/doc/search/?d=201&p=1&q=stored+procedure