先看一下sqlalchemy框架中的映射,sqlalchemy一共有三种映射方式:传统映射(classic)、
现代化映射(modern)、自定义映射。
在这里,只为大家讲一下classic映射和modern映射。
classic映射:
顾名思义,就是类似于hibernate那样,要写好多配置文件,这里放一个小例子:
#coding=utf-8
from sqlalchemy import Table, MetaData, Column, Integer, String, DateTime
from datetime import datetime
from sqlalchemy.engine import create_engine
'''''与数据库建立链接'''
engine = create_engine("mysql://username:password@databasehost/databasename",isolation_level="READ UNCOMMITTED")
'''''数据库表与对象之间的映射关系,类于hibernate中的xml配置文件'''
metadata = MetaData()
people = Table( #people
'people', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String(16), unique=True, nullable=False),
Column('gender', String(255), unique=True, nullable=True),
Column('created', DateTime, default=datetime.now)
)
student = Table( #student
'student', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String(16), unique=True, nullable=False),
Column('gender', String(255), unique=True, nullable=True),
Column('created', DateTime, default=datetime.now)
)
teacher = Table( #teacher
'teacher', metadata,
Column('id', Integer, primary_key=True),
Column('name', String(16), unique=True, nullable=False),
Column('gender', String(255), unique=True, nullable=True),
Column('created', DateTime, default=datetime.now)
)
'''''创建数据库的类'''
class People(object):pass
class Student(object):pass
class Teacher(object):pass
'''''传统映射方式'''
mapper(People,people)
mapper(Student,student)
mapper(Teacher,teacher)
'''''创建表'''
metadata.create_all(engine)
此时,如果我们再写一个*.py文件
代码如下:
from dbproject.dbsetting import People,Teacher,engine
from sqlalchemy.orm import sessionmaker
people = People()
teahcer = Teacher()
people.name='renlei'
people.id=1
teahcer.name='laoshi'
teahcer.id=1
Session = sessionmaker()
Session.configure(bind=engine)
session = Session()
session.add(people)
session.add(teahcer)
session.flush()
session.commit()
编译运行这个python文件,就会发现数据库中的信息发生了相应变化。
modern映射:
如下,先写一个modern.py文件,代码:
#coding=utf-8
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import declarative_base
from sqlalchemy import Column, Integer, String
from sqlalchemy.engine import create_engine
'''与数据库建立链接'''
engine = create_engine("mysql://username:password@databasehost/databasename",isolation_level="READ UNCOMMITTED")
'''数据库表结构'''
Base = declarative_base()
class People():#定义一个基类当然也可以不定义,这里只是给个例子
id = Column(Integer, primary_key=True)
name = Column(String(16))
gender = Column(String(16))
age = Column(String(16))
class User(Base,People):
__tablename__ = 'users'
fullname = Column(String(16))
password = Column(String(16))
class AdvancedUser(Base,People):
__tablename__ = 'advanceduser'
fullname = Column(String(16))
password = Column(String(16))
email = Column(String(16))
class Teacher(Base,People):
__tablename__ = 'teacher'
phone = Column(String(16))
#创建所有的表
Base.metadata.create_all(engine)
接入来再写一个control.py文件,代码:
#coding=utf-8
from sqlalchemy.orm.session import sessionmaker
from modern import engine,User,AdvancedUser,Teacher
user = User()
user.name = 'username'
user.gender = 'male'
au = AdvancedUser()
au.name = 'auname'
au.gender = 'female'
teacher = Teacher()
teacher.name = 'wangdi'
teacher.gender = 'female'
teacher.phone = '15264397652'
Session = sessionmaker()
Session.configure(bind=engine)
session = Session()
session.add(user)
session.add(au)
session.add(teacher)
session.flush()
session.commit()
编译执行代码,会发现数据库内信息有变化,怎么样,与classic映射相比,这种写法是不是更方便啊。
这样,我们就可以省去大量的sql语句,直接使用python代码来完成。