列表(list)
- 通过list创建对象,li = [1, 2, "age", "umbrella", [19, 10], "gxgd"]
中括号括起来
,分割每个元素
列表中的元素可以是数字、字符串、列表、布尔值(所有的值都能放进去)
“集合”内部可放置任何东西
可以通过索引取值,如:print(li[2])可获取列表内第二个元素,索引取值可以一直往里找
li = [1,12,9,"age",["雨伞",["19",10],"雨衣"],"umbrella","clothes"]
v = li[4][1][0][1]
print(v)
也支持切片取值,结果也是列表,如:print(li[3:-1])
支持for循环和while循环
li = [1, 2, "age", "umbrella", [19, 10], "gxgd"]
for item in li:
print(item)
列表元素可以被修改,索引、切片皆可用
li = [1, 2, "age", "umbrella", [19, 10], "gxgd"]
li[2] = [11, 22, 33]
li[1:3] = [120, 90]
print(li)
列表元素可以删除,如:del li[1]——索引:某个位置元素的修改,del li[1:3] ——切片:某段元素修改
支持用 in 判断某元素是否在列表内
li = [1, 2, "age", "umbrella", [19, 10], "gxgd"]
v = 120 in li
print(v)
- 将字符串等转化为列表 list (内部执行for循环,所以数字不行)
v = "umbrella"
new_li = list(v)
print(new_li)
- 列表元素合并成字符串
同时包含数字和字符串时——自己写for循环
li = [11,22,33,"125","umbrella"]
v = " "
for i in li:
v = v + str(i)
print(v)
只有字符串时——join
li = ["125","umbrella"]
v = "".join(li)
print(v)
list类中的方法:
- append() 在原来值后面追加新值,追加值可以是字符串、列表、数字
li = ["125","umbrella"]
v = li.append(5)
print(v)
print(li)
- clear() 清空列表
li = ["125","umbrella"]
li.clear()
print(li)
- copy() 浅拷贝
li = ["125","umbrella"]
v = li.copy()
print(v)
- count() 计算元素出现个数
li = ["125","umbrella","125",125,75]
v1 = li.count("125")
v2 = li.count(125)
print(v1,v2)
- extend() 扩展元列表,括号里的参数放可迭代对象(列表、字符串等可进行for循环的)。注意区分append,append将括号内容作为一个整体放到列表最后;extend做了一个for循环,将元素挨个依次放入
li = ["125","umbrella","125",125,75]
li.append([666,"雨伞"])
print(li)
li = ["125","umbrella","125",125,75]
li.extend([666,"雨伞"])
print(li)
- index() 根据值获取当前索引位置,默认从左往右找
li = [125,"125","umbrella","125",125,75]
v = li.index(125)
print(v)
- insert() 在指定索引位置插入元素
li = [125,"125","umbrella","125",125,75]
li.insert(0,"fighting")
print(li)
- pop() 删除某个索引的值(未指定索引情况下默认删最后一个),可获得到删掉的值
li = [125,"125","umbrella","125",125,75]
v = li.pop(1)
print(li)
print(v)
- remove() 删除列表中的某个指定值,默认左边优先(PS:删除方式总结——pop;remove;clear;del li[0] 索引删;del li[1:2] 切片删 )
li = [125,"125","umbrella","125",125,75]
li.remove(125)
print(li)
- reverse() 将当前列表进行反转
li = [125,"125","umbrella","125",125,75]
li.reverse()
print(li)
- sort() 对列表进行排序(可从大到小或从小到大)
li = [125,1,8,9,125,75]
li.sort()
print(li)