Variables declared inside the class definition, but not inside a method are class or static variables:

>>> class MyClass: 
...     i = 3 
... 
>>> MyClass.i 
3


As @Daniel points out, this creates a class-level "i" variable, but this is distinct from any instance-level "i" variable, so you could have

>>> m = MyClass() 
>>> m.i = 4 
>>> MyClass.i, m.i 
>>> (3, 4)


This is different from C++ and Java, but not so different from C#, where a static variable can't be accessed from an instance at all.

See ​​what the Python tutorial has to say on the subject of classes and class objects​​.

@Steve Johnson has already answered regarding ​​static methods​​, also documented under ​​"Built-in Functions" in the Python Library Reference​​.

class C: 
    @staticmethod 
    def f(arg1, arg2, ...): ...


@beidy recommends ​​classmethod​​s over staticmethod, as the method then receives the class type as the first argument, but I'm still a little fuzzy on the advantages of this approach over staticmethod. If you are too, then it probably doesn't matter.

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@Blair Conrad said static variables declared inside the class definition, but not inside a method are class or "static" variables:

>>> class Test(object): 
...     i = 3 
... 
>>> Test.i 
3


There are a few gotcha's here. Carrying on from the example above:

>>> t = Test() 
>>> t.i     # static variable accessed via instance 
3 
>>> t.i = 5 # but if we assign to the instance ... 
>>> Test.i  # we have not changed the static variable 
3 
>>> t.i     # we have overwritten Test.i on t by creating a new attribute t.i 
5 
>>> Test.i = 6 # to change the static variable we do it by assigning to the class 
>>> t.i 
5 
>>> Test.i 
6


Notice how the instance variable 't.i' got out of sync with the "static" class variable when the attribute 'i' was set directly on 't'. This is because 'i' was re-bound within the 't' namespace, which is distinct from the 'Test' namespace. If you want to change the value of a "static" variable, you must change it within the scope (or object) where it was originally defined. I put "static" in quotes because Python does not really have static variables in the sense that C++ and Java do.

Although it doesn't say anything specific about static variables or methods, the ​​Python tutorial​​ has some relevant information on ​​classes and class objects​​.

@Steve Johnson also answered regarding static methods, also documented under "Built-in Functions" in the Python Library Reference.

class Test(object): 
    @staticmethod 
    def f(arg1, arg2, ...): 
        ...


@beid also mentioned classmethod, which is similar to staticmethod. A classmethod's first argument is the class object. Example:

class Test(object): 
    i = 3 # class (or static) variable 
    @classmethod 
    def g(cls, arg): 
        # here we can use 'cls' instead of the class name (Test) 
        if arg > cls.i: 
            cls.i = arg # would the the same as  Test.i = arg1


 

 

 


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