资源及其在API中的组织形式
1 [root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl api-versions 2 admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1 3 admissionregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1 4 apiextensions.k8s.io/v1 5 apiextensions.k8s.io/v1beta1 6 apiregistration.k8s.io/v1 7 apiregistration.k8s.io/v1beta1 8 apps/v1 9 authentication.k8s.io/v1 10 authentication.k8s.io/v1beta1 11 authorization.k8s.io/v1 12 authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 13 autoscaling/v1 14 autoscaling/v2beta1 15 autoscaling/v2beta2 16 batch/v1 17 batch/v1beta1 18 certificates.k8s.io/v1 19 certificates.k8s.io/v1beta1 20 coordination.k8s.io/v1 21 coordination.k8s.io/v1beta1 22 discovery.k8s.io/v1beta1 23 events.k8s.io/v1 24 events.k8s.io/v1beta1 25 extensions/v1beta1 26 networking.k8s.io/v1 27 networking.k8s.io/v1beta1 28 node.k8s.io/v1beta1 29 policy/v1beta1 30 rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1 31 rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1 32 scheduling.k8s.io/v1 33 scheduling.k8s.io/v1beta1 34 storage.k8s.io/v1 35 storage.k8s.io/v1beta1 36 v1
在当前集群中，API Server所支持的API群组及其相关版本信息可以通过kubectl api-servions命令获取，如上命令结果显示的多数API群组会在配置清单时用到。
例如：
apiVersion:v1
apiVersion:apps/v1
对象类资源配置规范（配置清单由5个(核心)一级字段组成）
1 [root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubectl get namespace kube-system -o yaml 2 apiVersion: v1 #API群组及相关版本 3 kind: Namespace #kind字段：标识对象所属资源类型；常用的类型有namespace、deployment、service及pod等等
apiVersion和kind字段可合称为类型元数据(TypeMeta) 4 metadata: #metadata字段为资源提供元数据信息，例如：名称、隶属的名称空间和标签(labels) 5 creationTimestamp: "2021-08-18T05:40:55Z" 6 managedFields: 7 - apiVersion: v1 8 fieldsType: FieldsV1 9 fieldsV1: 10 f:status: 11 f:phase: {} 12 manager: kube-apiserver 13 operation: Update 14 time: "2021-08-18T05:40:55Z" 15 name: kube-system 16 resourceVersion: "4" 17 selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/kube-system 18 uid: 96bc536f-f992-4822-b31f-204c3b002619 19 spec: #spec字段则是由用户负责声明对象期望状态的字段，不同资源类型的期望状态描述方式各不相同，因此其嵌套支持的字段也不尽相同。 20 finalizers: 21 - kubernetes 22 status: #status字段则记录活动对象当前状态信息，它由kubernetes系统自行维护，对用户来说为只读字段，不需要在配置清单提供。 23 phase: Active
获取资源配置清单格式文档
命令：kubectl explain
kubectl explain pods|service|namespace|deployment 显示一级资源字段
kubectl explain pods.metadata 显示嵌套二级字段
kubectl explain pods.metadata.tables 显示嵌套三级字段
添加标签：
命令直接管理活动对象的标签
1 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# cat pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args.yaml 2 apiVersion: v1 3 kind: Pod 4 metadata: 5 name: pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args 6 namespace: dev 7 spec: 8 containers: 9 - name: demo 10 image: ikubernetes/demoapp:v1.0 11 imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent 12 command: ["/bin/sh","-c"] 13 args: ["python3 /usr/local/bin/demo.py -p 8081"] 14 15 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl label pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args release=beta 16 Error from server (NotFound): pods "pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args" not found 17 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl label pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev release=beta 18 pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args labeled
修改标签与删除标签
1 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl label pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev release=canary 2 error: 'release' already has a value (beta), and --overwrite is false 3 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl label pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev release=canary --overwrite 4 pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args labeled #修改标签必须带上参数--overwrite 表示强制覆盖原有标签 5 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl label pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev --show-labels 6 Error: unknown flag: --show-labels 7 See 'kubectl label --help' for usage. 8 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl get pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev --show-labels #查看标签 9 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS 10 pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args 1/1 Running 0 74m release=canary 11 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl label pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev release- #删除标签，标签名称后面并紧跟一个-号 12 pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args labeled 13 [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl get pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev --show-labels 14 NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS 15 pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args 1/1 Running 0 75m <none>
资源注解（annotations）
资源注解：资源注解也是键值型数据，类似于标签，但是它不能用作标签，可以用户自行添加，也可以由工具程序自动附加并使用。
kubectl get和kubectl describe命令均能显示资源的注解信息
[root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl describe pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev
Name: pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args
Namespace: dev
Priority: 0
Node: k8s-node02/192.168.3.22
Start Time: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:05:29 +0800
Labels: release=canary
Annotations: <none>
Status: Running
IP: 10.244.2.10
IPs:
IP: 10.244.2.10
Containers:
demo:
Container ID: docker://373799e5b51d33bb086ca63936be2193b95e2161c3b6f570abdda2e663172e85
Image: ikubernetes/demoapp:v1.0
Image ID: docker-pullable://ikubernetes/demoapp@sha256:6698b205eb18fb0171398927f3a35fe27676c6bf5757ef57a35a4b055badf2c3
Port: <none>
Host Port: <none>
Command:
/bin/sh
-c
Args:
python3 /usr/local/bin/demo.py -p 8081
State: Running
Started: Sun, 22 Aug 2021 23:05:57 +0800
Ready: True
Restart Count: 0
Environment: <none>
Mounts:
/var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount from default-token-7p2m9 (ro)
Conditions:
Type Status
Initialized True
Ready True
ContainersReady True
PodScheduled True
Volumes:
default-token-7p2m9:
Type: Secret (a volume populated by a Secret)
SecretName: default-token-7p2m9
Optional: false
QoS Class: BestEffort
Node-Selectors: <none>
Tolerations: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
node.kubernetes.io/unreachable:NoExecute op=Exists for 300s
Events: <none>
[root@k8s-master01 yaml]#
[root@k8s-master01 yaml]#
[root@k8s-master01 yaml]# clear
[root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl get pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev -o yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
annotations:
kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: |
{"apiVersion":"v1","kind":"Pod","metadata":{"annotations":{},"name":"pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args","namespace":"dev"},"spec":{"containers":[{"args":["python3 /usr/local/bin/demo.py -p 8081"],"command":["/bin/sh","-c"],"image":"ikubernetes/demoapp:v1.0","imagePullPolicy":"IfNotPresent","name":"demo"}]}}
creationTimestamp: "2021-08-24T02:45:43Z"
labels:
release: canary
managedFields:
- apiVersion: v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:annotations:
.: {}
f:kubectl.kubernetes.io/last-applied-configuration: {}
f:spec:
f:containers:
k:{"name":"demo"}:
.: {}
f:args: {}
f:command: {}
f:image: {}
f:imagePullPolicy: {}
f:name: {}
f:resources: {}
f:terminationMessagePath: {}
f:terminationMessagePolicy: {}
f:dnsPolicy: {}
f:enableServiceLinks: {}
f:restartPolicy: {}
f:schedulerName: {}
f:securityContext: {}
f:terminationGracePeriodSeconds: {}
manager: kubectl-client-side-apply
operation: Update
time: "2021-08-24T02:45:43Z"
- apiVersion: v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:status:
f:conditions:
k:{"type":"ContainersReady"}:
.: {}
f:lastProbeTime: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
k:{"type":"Initialized"}:
.: {}
f:lastProbeTime: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
k:{"type":"Ready"}:
.: {}
f:lastProbeTime: {}
f:lastTransitionTime: {}
f:status: {}
f:type: {}
f:containerStatuses: {}
f:hostIP: {}
f:phase: {}
f:podIP: {}
f:podIPs:
.: {}
k:{"ip":"10.244.2.10"}:
.: {}
f:ip: {}
f:startTime: {}
manager: kubelet
operation: Update
time: "2021-08-24T02:46:09Z"
- apiVersion: v1
fieldsType: FieldsV1
fieldsV1:
f:metadata:
f:labels:
.: {}
f:release: {}
manager: kubectl-label
operation: Update
time: "2021-08-24T04:06:32Z"
name: pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args
namespace: dev
resourceVersion: "907621"
selfLink: /api/v1/namespaces/dev/pods/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args
uid: f52c1976-2f59-4351-92cd-93a970a48a73
spec:
containers:
- args:
- python3 /usr/local/bin/demo.py -p 8081
command:
- /bin/sh
- -c
image: ikubernetes/demoapp:v1.0
imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent
name: demo
resources: {}
terminationMessagePath: /dev/termination-log
terminationMessagePolicy: File
volumeMounts:
- mountPath: /var/run/secrets/kubernetes.io/serviceaccount
name: default-token-7p2m9
readOnly: true
dnsPolicy: ClusterFirst
enableServiceLinks: true
nodeName: k8s-node02
preemptionPolicy: PreemptLowerPriority
priority: 0
restartPolicy: Always
schedulerName: default-scheduler
securityContext: {}
serviceAccount: default
serviceAccountName: default
terminationGracePeriodSeconds: 30
tolerations:
- effect: NoExecute
key: node.kubernetes.io/not-ready
operator: Exists
tolerationSeconds: 300
- effect: NoExecute
key: node.kubernetes.io/unreachable
operator: Exists
tolerationSeconds: 300
volumes:
- name: default-token-7p2m9
secret:
defaultMode: 420
secretName: default-token-7p2m9
status:
conditions:
- lastProbeTime: null
lastTransitionTime: "2021-08-22T15:05:29Z"
status: "True"
type: Initialized
- lastProbeTime: null
lastTransitionTime: "2021-08-22T15:05:58Z"
status: "True"
type: Ready
- lastProbeTime: null
lastTransitionTime: "2021-08-22T15:05:58Z"
status: "True"
type: ContainersReady
- lastProbeTime: null
lastTransitionTime: "2021-08-24T02:45:43Z"
status: "True"
type: PodScheduled
containerStatuses:
- containerID: docker://373799e5b51d33bb086ca63936be2193b95e2161c3b6f570abdda2e663172e85
image: ikubernetes/demoapp:v1.0
imageID: docker-pullable://ikubernetes/demoapp@sha256:6698b205eb18fb0171398927f3a35fe27676c6bf5757ef57a35a4b055badf2c3
lastState: {}
name: demo
ready: true
restartCount: 0
started: true
state:
running:
startedAt: "2021-08-22T15:05:57Z"
hostIP: 192.168.3.22
phase: Running
podIP: 10.244.2.10
podIPs:
- ip: 10.244.2.10
qosClass: BestEffort
startTime: "2021-08-22T15:05:29Z"
annotations可以在资源创建时由metadata.annotations字段指定，也可以随时在资源上使用命令kubectl annotate 进行添加（和标签使用方法差不多）。如下实例：
[root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl annotate pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev ilinux.io/created-by="cluster admin" pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args annotated [root@k8s-master01 yaml]# kubectl annotate pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args -n dev ilinux.io/created-by- pod/pod-demo-with-cmd-and-args annotated [root@k8s-master01 yaml]#
本文章为转载内容，我们尊重原作者对文章享有的著作权。如有内容错误或侵权问题，欢迎原作者联系我们进行内容更正或删除文章。
