程
首先看一张代码层次图,有助于我们的理解
上面这些代码的展示是告诉我们 内核和芯片提供商为我们的的驱动程序提供了 i2c驱动的框架,以及框架底层与硬件相关的代码的实现。
剩下的就是针对挂载在i2c两线上的i2c设备了device,而编写的即具体设备驱动了,这里的设备就是硬件接口外挂载的设备,而非硬件接口本身(soc硬件接口本身的驱动可以理解为总线驱动)
一、编写驱动需要完成的工作
编写具体的I2C驱动时,工程师需要处理的主要工作如下:
1)、提供I2C适配器的硬件驱动,探测,初始化I2C适配器(如申请I2C的I/O地址和中断号),驱动CPU控制的I2C适配器从硬件上产生。
2)、提供I2C控制的algorithm, 用具体适配器的xxx_xfer()函数填充i2c_algorithm的master_xfer指针,并把i2c_algorithm指针赋给i2c_adapter的algo指针。
3)、实现I2C设备驱动中的i2c_driver接口,用具体yyy的yyy_probe(),yyy_remove(),yyy_suspend(),yyy_resume()函数指针和i2c_device_id设备ID表赋给i2c_driver的probe,remove,suspend,resume和id_table指针。
4)、实现I2C设备所对应类型的具体驱动,i2c_driver只是实现设备与总线的挂接。
上面的工作中前两个属于I2C总线驱动,后面两个属于I2C设备驱动。
二、开发实例
-------------------------------------------------------------------
开发板:Exynos4412-fs4412
Linux 内核版本:Linux 3.14
IIC 从机对象:陀螺仪MPU6050
--------------------------------------------------------------------
1、查看原理图
对应核心板pin
从机地址
可以获取的信息:
1、MPU6050 对应 IIC 通道5;
2、对应中断 EINT27 父节点 GPX3 3
3、因为ad0接地,所以从设备地址0x68
base address 0x138B0000
2、创建设备树节点
通过上面获取的信息,可以写出
- i2c@138b0000 {
- #address-cells = <1>;
- #size-cells = <0>;
- samsung,i2c-sda-delay = <100>;
- samsung,i2c-max-bus-freq = <20000>;
- pinctrl-0 = <&i2c5_bus>;
- pinctrl-names = "default";
- status = "okay";
- pmu6050-3-asix@68 {
- compatible = "invense,mpu6050";
- reg = <0x68>;
- interrupt-parent = <&gpx3>;
- interrupts = <3 2>;
- };
- };
3、MPU6050相应寄存器
- #define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19 //采样率分频,典型值: 0x07(125Hz) */
- #define CONFIG 0x1A // 低通滤波频率,典型值: 0x06(5Hz) */
- #define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B // 陀螺仪自检及测量范围,典型值: 0x18(不自检,2000deg/s) */
- #define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C // 加速计自检、测量范围及高通滤波频率,典型值: 0x01(不自检, 2G, 5Hz) */
- #define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B // 存储最近的 X 轴、 Y 轴、 Z 轴加速度感应器的测量值 */
- #define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C
- #define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D
- #define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E
- #define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F
- #define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40
- #define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41 // 存储的最近温度传感器的测量值 */
- #define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42
- #define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43 // 存储最近的 X 轴、 Y 轴、 Z 轴陀螺仪感应器的测量值 */
- #define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44
- #define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45
- #define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46
- #define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47
- #define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48
- #define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B // 电源管理,典型值: 0x00(正常启用) */
- #define WHO_AM_I 0x75 //IIC 地址寄存器(默认数值 0x68,只读) */
4、具体程序
mpu6050.h
- #ifndef MPU6050_HHHH
- #define MPU6050_HHHH
- #define MPU6050_MAGIC 'K'
- union mpu6050_data
- {
- struct {
- unsigned short x;
- unsigned short y;
- unsigned short z;
- }accel;
- struct {
- unsigned short x;
- unsigned short y;
- unsigned short z;
- }gyro;
- unsigned short temp;
- };
- #define GET_ACCEL _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC, 0, union mpu6050_data)
- #define GET_GYRO _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC, 1, union mpu6050_data)
- #define GET_TEMP _IOR(MPU6050_MAGIC, 2, union mpu6050_data)
- #endif
i2c_driver
- #include <linux/kernel.h>
- #include <linux/module.h>
- #include <linux/i2c.h>
- #include <linux/cdev.h>
- #include <linux/slab.h>
- #include <linux/fs.h>
- #include <linux/delay.h>
- #include <asm/uaccess.h>
- #include "mpu6050.h"
- MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
- #define SMPLRT_DIV 0x19
- #define CONFIG 0x1A
- #define GYRO_CONFIG 0x1B
- #define ACCEL_CONFIG 0x1C
- #define ACCEL_XOUT_H 0x3B
- #define ACCEL_XOUT_L 0x3C
- #define ACCEL_YOUT_H 0x3D
- #define ACCEL_YOUT_L 0x3E
- #define ACCEL_ZOUT_H 0x3F
- #define ACCEL_ZOUT_L 0x40
- #define TEMP_OUT_H 0x41
- #define TEMP_OUT_L 0x42
- #define GYRO_XOUT_H 0x43
- #define GYRO_XOUT_L 0x44
- #define GYRO_YOUT_H 0x45
- #define GYRO_YOUT_L 0x46
- #define GYRO_ZOUT_H 0x47
- #define GYRO_ZOUT_L 0x48
- #define PWR_MGMT_1 0x6B
- #define MPU6050_MAJOR 500
- #define MPU6050_MINOR 0
- struct mpu6050_device {
- struct cdev cdev;
- struct i2c_client *client;
- };
- struct mpu6050_device *mpu6050;
- static int mpu6050_read_byte(struct i2c_client *client, unsigned char reg)
- {
- int ret;
- char txbuf[1] = { reg };
- char rxbuf[1];
- struct i2c_msg msg[2] = {
- {client->addr, 0, 1, txbuf},
- {client->addr, I2C_M_RD, 1, rxbuf}
- };
- ret = i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, ARRAY_SIZE(msg));
- if (ret < 0) {
- printk("ret = %d\n", ret);
- return ret;
- }
- return rxbuf[0];
- }
- static int mpu6050_write_byte(struct i2c_client *client, unsigned char reg, unsigned char val)
- {
- char txbuf[2] = {reg, val};
- struct i2c_msg msg[2] = {
- {client->addr, 0, 2, txbuf},
- };
- i2c_transfer(client->adapter, msg, ARRAY_SIZE(msg));
- return 0;
- }
- static int mpu6050_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
- {
- return 0;
- }
- static int mpu6050_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
- {
- return 0;
- }
- static long mpu6050_ioctl(struct file *file, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg)
- {
- union mpu6050_data data;
- struct i2c_client *client = mpu6050->client;
- switch(cmd) {
- case GET_ACCEL:
- data.accel.x = mpu6050_read_byte(client, ACCEL_XOUT_L);
- data.accel.x |= mpu6050_read_byte(client, ACCEL_XOUT_H) << 8;
- data.accel.y = mpu6050_read_byte(client, ACCEL_YOUT_L);
- data.accel.y |= mpu6050_read_byte(client, ACCEL_YOUT_H) << 8;
- data.accel.z = mpu6050_read_byte(client, ACCEL_ZOUT_L);
- data.accel.z |= mpu6050_read_byte(client, ACCEL_ZOUT_H) << 8;
- break;
- case GET_GYRO:
- data.gyro.x = mpu6050_read_byte(client, GYRO_XOUT_L);
- data.gyro.x |= mpu6050_read_byte(client, GYRO_XOUT_H) << 8;
- data.gyro.y = mpu6050_read_byte(client, GYRO_YOUT_L);
- data.gyro.y |= mpu6050_read_byte(client, GYRO_YOUT_H) << 8;
- data.gyro.z = mpu6050_read_byte(client, GYRO_ZOUT_L);
- data.gyro.z |= mpu6050_read_byte(client, GYRO_ZOUT_H) << 8;
- break;
- case GET_TEMP:
- data.temp = mpu6050_read_byte(client, TEMP_OUT_L);
- data.temp |= mpu6050_read_byte(client, TEMP_OUT_H) << 8;
- break;
- default:
- printk("invalid argument\n");
- return -EINVAL;
- }
- if (copy_to_user((void *)arg, &data, sizeof(data)))
- return -EFAULT;
- return sizeof(data);
- }
- struct file_operations mpu6050_fops = {
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .open = mpu6050_open,
- .release = mpu6050_release,
- .unlocked_ioctl = mpu6050_ioctl,
- };
- static int mpu6050_probe(struct i2c_client *client, const struct i2c_device_id *id)
- {
- int ret;
- dev_t devno = MKDEV(MPU6050_MAJOR, MPU6050_MINOR);
- printk("match OK!\n");
- mpu6050 = kzalloc(sizeof(*mpu6050), GFP_KERNEL);
- if (mpu6050 == NULL) {
- return -ENOMEM;
- }
- mpu6050->client = client;
- ret = register_chrdev_region(devno, 1, "mpu6050");
- if (ret < 0) {
- printk("failed to register char device region!\n");
- goto err1;
- }
- cdev_init(&mpu6050->cdev, &mpu6050_fops);
- mpu6050->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE;
- ret = cdev_add(&mpu6050->cdev, devno, 1);
- if (ret < 0) {
- printk("failed to add device\n");
- goto err2;
- }
- mpu6050_write_byte(client, PWR_MGMT_1, 0x00);
- mpu6050_write_byte(client, SMPLRT_DIV, 0x07);
- mpu6050_write_byte(client, CONFIG, 0x06);
- mpu6050_write_byte(client, GYRO_CONFIG, 0xF8);
- mpu6050_write_byte(client, ACCEL_CONFIG, 0x19);
- return 0;
- err2:
- unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
- err1:
- kfree(mpu6050);
- return ret;
- }
- static int mpu6050_remove(struct i2c_client *client)
- {
- dev_t devno = MKDEV(MPU6050_MAJOR, MPU6050_MINOR);
- cdev_del(&mpu6050->cdev);
- unregister_chrdev_region(devno, 1);
- kfree(mpu6050);
- return 0;
- }
- static const struct i2c_device_id mpu6050_id[] = {
- { "mpu6050", 0},
- {}
- };
- static struct of_device_id mpu6050_dt_match[] = {
- {.compatible = "invense,mpu6050" },
- {/*northing to be done*/},
- };
- struct i2c_driver mpu6050_driver = {
- .driver = {
- .name = "mpu6050",
- .owner = THIS_MODULE,
- .of_match_table = of_match_ptr(mpu6050_dt_match),
- },
- .probe = mpu6050_probe,
- .remove = mpu6050_remove,
- .id_table = mpu6050_id,
- };
- static init _init mpu6050_init(void)
- {
- return i2c_add_driver(&mpu6050_driver);
- }
- static void _exit mpu6050_exit(void)
- {
- return i2c_del_driver(&mpu6050_driver);
- }
- module_init(&mpu6050_init);
- module_exit(&mpu6050_exit);
test.c
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <fcntl.h>
- #include <sys/ioctl.h>
- #include "mpu6050.h"
- int main(int argc, const char *argv[])
- {
- int fd;
- union mpu6050_data data;
- fd = open("/dev/mpu6050", O_RDWR);
- if (fd < 0) {
- perror("open");
- exit(1);
- }
- while(1) {
- ioctl(fd, GET_ACCEL, &data);
- printf("acceleration data: x = %04x, y = %04x, z = %04x\n",
- data.accel.x, data.accel.y, data.accel.z);
- ioctl(fd, GET_GYRO, &data);
- printf("gyroscope data: x = %04x, y = %04x, z = %04x\n",
- data.accel.x, data.accel.y, data.accel.z);
- sleep(1);
- }
- close(fd);
- return 0;
- }