如果我们使用exp/imp工具导入到相同数据库中，是会发生报错现象。
当我们使用exp/imp的时候，报错ORA-02304实际上是没有什么特别好的解决方法的。Type导入相同库报错的本质在于在导出的时候，Oracle会将type的oid连带导出。
而导入的时候，又希望将其还原为相同的oid从而引发冲突。
那么，是不是我们就没有办法了呢？我们借助Oracle 10g提出的数据泵（Data Dump）工具，是可以避免这个问题的。
1、环境准备
我们同样适用Oracle 11gR2进行试验。
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.1.0 Production
在scott用户下，我们创建一些type类型对象。
SQL> grant imp_full_database to scott;
Grant succeeded
SQL> grant exp_full_database to scott;
Grant succeeded
SQL> conn scott/tiger@wilson;
Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0
Connected as scott
SQL> create type mt_type as object (xm number, tchar varchar2(10));
2 /
Type created
SQL> select type_name, type_oid from user_types;
TYPE_NAME TYPE_OID
------------------------------ --------------------------------
MT_TYPE C230A55B1FC34E1DE040A8C0580017C6
SQL> create table my_tabletype of mt_type;
Table created
SQL> insert into my_tabletype values (1,'df');
1 row inserted
SQL> commit;
Commit complete
之后，我们创建用户scottback。使用数据泵expdp从scott中将数据导出。
SQL> create user scottback identified by scottback;
User created
SQL> grant resource to scottback;
Grant succeeded
SQL> grant connect to scottback;
Grant succeeded
SQL> grant exp_full_database to scottback;
Grant succeeded
SQL> grant imp_full_database to scottback;
Grant succeeded
2、expdp数据导出
数据泵DataDump作为10g中推出的新一代数据备份还原工具，具有很多好的特点。DataDump是服务器端使用工具，需要在服务器上执行。
首先，我们需要创建directory对象，对应服务器上的一个目录位置。
[root@oracle11g /]# pwd
[root@oracle11g /]# mkdir export
[root@oracle11g /]# ls -l | grep export
drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jun 11 19:29 export
[root@oracle11g /]# chown oracle:oinstall export
[root@oracle11g /]# ls -l | grep export
drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 Jun 11 19:39 export
创建directory对象，并且将read write权限授予给scott和scottback。
SQL> create or replace directory MY_DIR
2 as '/export';
Directory created
SQL> grant write, read on directory my_dir to scott;
Grant succeeded
SQL> grant write, read on directory my_dir to scottback;
Grant succeeded’
再使用expdp命令行进行导出。
[oracle@oracle11g ~]$ cd /export/
[oracle@oracle11g export]$ pwd
/export
[oracle@oracle11g export]$ expdp scott/tiger@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resexp.log schemas=scott
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 11 19:35:08 2012
[oracle@oracle11g export]$ expdp scott/tiger@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resexp.log schemas=scott
Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 11 19:35:08 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": scott/********@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resexp.log schemas=scott
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
（篇幅原因，部分省略…..）
. . exported "SCOTT"."T" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."T1" 0 KB 0 rows
. . exported "SCOTT"."T2" 0 KB 0 rows
Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/export/scott.dmp
Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 19:36:00
[oracle@oracle11g export]$ ls -l
total 420
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle oinstall 2467 Jun 11 19:36 resexp.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 421888 Jun 11 19:36 scott.dmp
3、impdp导入数据
在默认的impdp方式下，type也是不能导入到相同的数据库中去的。
[oracle@oracle11g export]$ impdp scottback/scottback@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resimp.log remap_schema=scott:scottback
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 11 19:37:37 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": scottback/********@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resimp.log remap_schema=scott:scottback
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTTBACK" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TYPE/TYPE_SPEC
ORA-39083: Object type TYPE failed to create with error:
ORA-02304: invalid object identifier literal
Failing sql is:
CREATE TYPE "SCOTTBACK"."MT_TYPE" OID 'C230A55B1FC34E1DE040A8C0580017C6' as object (xm number, tchar varchar2(10));
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39117: Type needed to create table is not included in this operation. Failing sql is:
CREATE TABLE "SCOTTBACK"."MY_TABLETYPE" OF "SCOTTBACK"."MT_TYPE" OID 'C230B8AA21E527C9E040A8C058001816' OIDINDEX ( PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "SYSTEM" ) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."BASELINE_TEST" 22.90 KB 1 rows
（篇幅原因，省略部分 …..）
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 4 error(s) at 19:37:47
注意，在默认情况下，我们导入数据依然会遇到oid的问题。显示的依然是type创建SQL中包括有oid信息，引起oid冲突。进而是连带的数据表my_tabletype不能创建。
有一个片段可以关注：
CREATE TYPE "SCOTTBACK"."MT_TYPE" OID 'C230A55B1FC34E1DE040A8C0580017C6' as object (xm number, tchar varchar2(10));
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39117: Type needed to create table is not included in this operation. Failing sql is:
CREATE TABLE "SCOTTBACK"."MY_TABLETYPE" OF "SCOTTBACK"."MT_TYPE" OID 'C230B8AA21E527C9E040A8C058001816' OIDINDEX ( PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS
关联oid相同，说明type的oid在Oracle内部是作为关联的重要信息使用的。
在impdp中，我们可以使用transform参数设置，要求将原有dmp文件中oid映射重新生成。
[oracle@oracle11g export]$
impdp scottback/scottback@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resimp2.log
remap_schema=scott:scottback transform=oid:n
Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 11 19:39:07 2012
Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": scottback/********@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resimp2.log
remap_schema=scott:scottback transform=oid:n
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTTBACK" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TYPE/TYPE_SPEC
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."BASELINE_TEST" 22.90 KB 1 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."DEPT" 5.937 KB 4 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."EMP" 8.992 KB 14 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."MY_TABLETYPE" 6.507 KB 1 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."SALES_QUAL" 6.007 KB 6 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."SALGRADE" 5.867 KB 5 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."BONUS" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."T" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."T1" 0 KB 0 rows
. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."T2" 0 KB 0 rows
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/VIEW
ORA-31684: Object type VIEW:"SCOTTBACK"."V_T1" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Job "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 2 error(s) at 19:39:20
其中，transform取值oid:n的含义就是对oid信息不进行加载，重新进行生成。数据表取值正确。
SQL> conn scottback/scottback@wilson;
Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0
Connected as scottback
SQL> select * from my_tabletype;
XM TCHAR
---------- ----------
1 df
4、结论
随着Oracle功能不断完善，很多新特性在exp/imp工具上已经不能支持。Oracle 10g下推出的Data Dump有很多功能，是我们可以进行借鉴使用的。
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