1.MQ
消息队列(Message Queue,简称MQ)——应用程序和应用程序之间的通信方法
应用:不同进程Process/线程Thread之间通信
比较流行的中间件:
ActiveMQ
RabbitMQ(非常重量级,更适合于企业级的开发)
Kafka(高吞吐量的分布式发布订阅消息系统)
RocketMQ
在高并发、可靠性、成熟度等方面,RabbitMQ是首选
Kafka的性能(吞吐量、TPS)比RabbitMq要高出来很多,但Kafka主要定位在日志方面,如果业务方面还是建议选择RabbitMq
2.AMQP
Advanced Message Queuing Protocol,高级消息队列协议,是应用层协议的一个开放标准,为面向消息的中间件设计
主要特征是面向消息、队列、路由(包括点对点和发布/订阅)、可靠性、安全
3.RabbitMQ
RabbitMQ是一个开源的AMQP实现,服务器端用Erlang语言编写
支持多种客户端,如:Python、Ruby、.NET、Java、JMS、C、PHP、ActionScript、XMPP、STOMP等,支持AJAX
用于在分布式系统中存储转发消息,在易用性、扩展性、高可用性等方面表现不俗
(1)安装
需要先安装Erlang ,再安装RabbitMQ
环境:win7
Erlang
下载 :
https://www.erlang-solutions.com/resources/download.html
安装:
双击下载的文件(esl-erlang_22.1~windows_amd64.exe) ,下一步进行安装
安装完后开始菜单多了
RabbitMQ
下载 :
https://www.rabbitmq.com/download.html
安装:
双击下载的文件(rabbitmq-server-3.8.1.exe) ,下一步进行安装
安装完后开始菜单多了
选择开始菜单的RabbitMQ Command Prompt(sbin dir)
进入C:\Program Files (x86)\RabbitMQ Server\rabbitmq_server-3.4.1\sbin输入命令
rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_management
启动了管理工具
服务启动 net start RabbitMQ
服务停止 net stop RabbitMQ
服务启动后,浏览器打开http://localhost:15672/
使用账号 guest ,密码 guest
能够登录,安装成功
(2)用户管理
Admin选项卡
A.添加用户
用户角色:
超级管理员(administrator)
监控者(monitoring)
策略制定者(policymaker)
普通管理者(management)
其他
B.创建Virtual Hosts
C.设置权限
选中Admin用户,进入权限设置
已添加权限
(3)spring boot整合RabbitMQ
添加依赖
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId> <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version> </dependency>
添加配置
#对于rabbitMQ的支持 spring.rabbitmq.host=127.0.0.1 spring.rabbitmq.port=5672 spring.rabbitmq.username=admin spring.rabbitmq.password=admin spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host=testhost spring.rabbitmq.publisher-confirms=true spring.rabbitmq.publisher-returns=true
添加RabbitMQ配置类
package com.example.demo.configure; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitMqConfig { public static final String RABBITMQ_QUEUE_NAME = "Queue1"; public static final String RABBITMQ_ORDER_QUEUE_NAME = "OrderQueue1"; private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(RabbitMqConfig.class); @Autowired private CachingConnectionFactory cachingConnectionFactory; @Bean public Queue commonQueue() { return new Queue(RabbitMqConfig.RABBITMQ_QUEUE_NAME); } @Bean public Queue orderQueue() { return new Queue(RabbitMqConfig.RABBITMQ_ORDER_QUEUE_NAME); } @Bean public DirectExchange directExchange() { return new DirectExchange("directExchange"); } @Bean public TopicExchange topicExchange() { return new TopicExchange("topicExchange"); } @Bean public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange("fanoutExchange"); } // 建立Queue与Exchange的绑定关系 @Bean public Binding bindingExchangeMessage(Queue orderQueue, DirectExchange directExchange) { return BindingBuilder.bind(orderQueue).to(directExchange).with( RabbitMqConfig.RABBITMQ_ORDER_QUEUE_NAME); } @Bean public RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate() { cachingConnectionFactory.setPublisherConfirms(true); cachingConnectionFactory.setPublisherReturns(true); RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(cachingConnectionFactory); rabbitTemplate.setMandatory(true); rabbitTemplate.setConfirmCallback((correlationData, ack, cause) -> { if (ack) logger.info("消息发送成功: correlationData:({}),ack:({ack}),cause:({})", correlationData, ack, cause); else logger.info("消息发送失败: correlationData:({}),ack:({ack}),cause:({})", correlationData, ack, cause); }); rabbitTemplate.setReturnCallback( (message, replyCode, replyText, exchange, routingKey) -> logger.info( "消息丢失:exchange({}),route({}),replyCode({}),replyText({}),message:{}", exchange, routingKey, replyCode, replyText, message)); return rabbitTemplate; } }
生产者
package com.example.demo.mq; import com.example.demo.configure.RabbitMqConfig; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class OrderMaker { private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OrderMaker.class); @Autowired private RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate; public void send(String content) { this.rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMqConfig.RABBITMQ_ORDER_QUEUE_NAME,content); } }
测试入口
package com.example.demo.controller; import com.example.demo.mq.OrderMaker; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.http.MediaType; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class Demo { @Autowired private OrderMaker orderMaker; @RequestMapping(value = "/testMq",method = RequestMethod.GET,produces = MediaType.ALL_VALUE) public String testMq(String msg) { orderMaker.send(msg); System.out.println(msg); return "Successfully."; } }
使用postman测试http://127.0.0.1:8080/testMq?msg=hahaha,this is a test
在http://localhost:15672中
OrderQueue1队列有两条消息
查看消息
消费者
package com.example.demo.mq; import com.example.demo.configure.RabbitMqConfig; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitHandler; import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component @RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMqConfig.RABBITMQ_ORDER_QUEUE_NAME) public class OrderListener { private final static Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(OrderListener.class); @RabbitHandler public void process(String orderMsg) { logger.info("订单消费者收到消息:" + orderMsg); } }
重新启动
log输出
2019-11-13 14:36:51.500 [org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.RabbitListenerEndpointContainer#0-1] INFO com.example.demo.mq.OrderListener - 订单消费者收到消息:hahaha,this is a test
2019-11-13 14:36:51.516 [AMQP Connection 127.0.0.1:5672] INFO com.example.demo.configure.RabbitMqConfig - 消息发送成功: correlationData:(null),ack:({ack}),cause:(true)
这样就实现了简单的队列,生产者将消息发送到队列,消费者从队列中获取消息
P:消息的生产者
C:消息的消费者
红色:队列