cmake官网:​​https://cmake.org/​​      ​​CMake Tutorial​​   ​​https://gitlab.kitware.com/cmake/community/-/wikis/home​

CMake是一个跨平台的安装(​​编译​​)工具,可以用简单的语句来描述所有平台的安装(编译过程)。他能够输出各种各样的makefile或者project文件,能测试​​编译器​​所支持的C++特性,类似UNIX下的automake。只是 CMake 的​​组态档​​取名为 CmakeLists.txt。Cmake 并不直接建构出最终的软件,而是产生标准的建构档(如 Unix 的 Makefile 或 Windows Visual C++ 的 projects/workspaces),然后再依一般的建构方式使用。这使得熟悉某个​​集成开发环境​​(IDE)的开发者可以用标准的方式建构他的软件,这种可以使用各平台的原生建构系统的能力是 CMake 和 SCons 等其他类似系统的区别之处。


CMake 可以编译​​源代码​​、制作​​程式库​​、产生适配器(wrapper)、还可以用任意的顺序建构​​执行档​​。CMake 支持 in-place 建构(二进档和源代码在同一个目录树中)和 out-of-place 建构(二进档在别的目录里),因此可以很容易从同一个源代码目录树中建构出多个二进档。CMake 也支持静态与动态程式库的建构。


“CMake”这个名字是“cross platform make”的缩写。虽然名字中含有“make”,但是CMake和Unix上常见的“make”系统是分开的,而且更为高阶。



cmake应用

cmake使用除了应用程序外,就是编写CMakeLists.txt文档,以生成Makefile文件。

1. 每个目录下都需要文件CmakeLists.txt文件,CmakeLists.txt的编写需遵循cmake语法。

2. 最好在根目录下,创建build文件夹,让后进入build文件夹构建工程,这样构建工程的中间文件及最后文件都在build中,直接发布build文件即可。

3. 构建命令cd build; cmake ..; make;

注:cmake后的..是上层目录意思。

4. 生成可执行程序,运行即可。

一个最简单示例



//hello.c
#include <stdio.h>
int main()
{
printf("Hello World!\n");
return 0;
}

//CmakeLists.txt
PROJECT(HELLO)
SET(SRC_LIST hello.c)
ADD_EXECUTABLE(hello ${SRC_LIST})


流程:



~$pwd
/home/yuxi/test/cmake/build
~$ls ..
build CMakeLists.txt hello.c
~$cmake ..
-- The C compiler identification is GNU

-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU

-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc

-- Check for working C compiler: /usr/bin/gcc -- works

-- Detecting C compiler ABI info

-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done

-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++

-- Check for working CXX compiler: /usr/bin/c++ -- works

-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info

-- Detecting CXX compiler ABI info - done

-- Configuring done

-- Generating done

-- Build files have been written to: /home/yuxi/test/cmake/build

~$ls
CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake Makefile
~$make
Scanning dependencies of target hello
[100%] Building C object CMakeFiles/hello.dir/hello.c.o
Linking C executable hello
[100%] Built target hello
~$ls
CMakeCache.txt CMakeFiles cmake_install.cmake hello Makefile
~$./hello
Hello World!
~$ls CMakeFiles/
CMakeCCompiler.cmake CMakeOutput.log Makefile2
cmake.check_cache CMakeSystem.cmake Makefile.cmake
CMakeCXXCompiler.cmake CMakeTmp progress.marks
CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_C.bin CompilerIdC TargetDirectories.txt
CMakeDetermineCompilerABI_CXX.bin CompilerIdCXX
CMakeDirectoryInformation.cmake hello.dir


Cmake debug和release设置

1. 通过命令行指定

cmake -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Release/Debug ..

2. 在CMakeLists.txt中设置(目前不起作用)



SET(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Debug”)
or
SET(CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE "Release")


同时可在CMakeLists.txt中设置release和debug编译选项



SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_DEBUG "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O0 -Wall -g -ggdb")
SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS_RELEASE "$ENV{CXXFLAGS} -O3 -Wall")


交叉编译示例 

交叉编译Makefile:CrossCompile.cmake



SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
set(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR "armv7-a")

SET(CMAKE_SYSROOT "/opt/fsl-imx-x11/4.1.15-2.1.0/sysroots/cortexa7hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi")
#SET(CMAKE_SYSROOT "/opt/fsl-imx-x11/4.1.15-2.1.0/sysroots")

SET(TARGETSYSROOT "/opt/fsl-imx-x11/4.1.15-2.1.0/sysroots/cortexa7hf-neon-poky-linux-gnueabi")
SET(TOOLCHAIN_PATH "/opt/fsl-imx-x11/4.1.15-2.1.0/sysroots/x86_64-pokysdk-linux")

SET(CMAKE_C_FLAGS "${CMAKE_C_FLAGS} -march=armv7ve -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a7 -rdynamic")
SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER "${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-gcc")

SET(CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS "${CMAKE_CXX_FLAGS} -march=armv7ve -mfpu=neon -mfloat-abi=hard -mcpu=cortex-a7 -rdynamic")
SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER "${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-g++")

SET(CMAKER_AR "${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-ar")
SET(CMAKER_LINKER "${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-ld")
SET(CMAKER_NM "${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-nm")
SET(CMAKER_OBJDUMP "${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-objdump")
SET(CMAKER_RANLIB "${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/bin/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi-ranlib")

#SET(OPENSSL_LIBRARIES ${TARGETSYSROOT}/usr/lib)
#SET(OPENSSL_INCLUDE_DIR ${TARGETSYSROOT}/usr/include/openssl)

#SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH
# ${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}
# ${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/lib/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/gcc/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0
# ${TOOLCHAIN_PATH}/usr/lib/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/gcc/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0/plugin/include
# ${TARGETSYSROOT}/lib
# ${TARGETSYSROOT}/usr/lib/arm-poky-linux-gnueabi/5.3.0
# ${TARGETSYSROOT}/usr/lib
# ${TARGETSYSROOT}/usr/include)

SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)
SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PACKAGE ONLY)


cmake命令



cmake -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=${TOPDIR}/${BASEDIR}/CrossCompile.cmake \
-DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=release -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=${TOPDIR}/winstall ..