1、查看当前系统中的 Python 版本
[root@localhost ~]# python --version
Python 2.6.6
2、检查 CentOS 版本
[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 6.10 (Final)
3、安装所有的开发工具包
[root@localhost ~]# yum groupinstall -y "Development tools"
[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y zlib-devel bzip2-devel openssl-devel ncurses-devel sqlite-devel
4、下载、编译和安装 Python 2.7.13
[root@localhost ~]# wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/2.7.13/Python-2.7.13.tgz
[root@localhost ~]# tar zxf Python-2.7.13.tgz
[root@localhost ~]# cd Python-2.7.13
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# ./configure
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# make && make install
##默认 Python 2.7.13 会安装在 /usr/local/bin 目录下
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# ll -tr /usr/local/bin/python*
-rwxr-xr-x1root root 626156810月 1217:17 /usr/local/bin/python2.7
-rwxr-xr-x1root root 168710月 1217:17 /usr/local/bin/python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1root root 710月 1217:17 /usr/local/bin/python -> python2
lrwxrwxrwx 1root root 910月 1217:17 /usr/local/bin/python2 -> python2.7
lrwxrwxrwx 1root root 1610月 1217:17 /usr/local/bin/python2-config -> python2.7-config
lrwxrwxrwx 1root root 1410月 1217:17 /usr/local/bin/python-config -> python2-config
##而系统自带的 Python 是在 /usr/bin 目录下
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# ll -tr /usr/bin/python*
-rwxr-xr-x. 2root root 48648月 182016/usr/bin/python2.6
-rwxr-xr-x. 2root root 48648月 182016/usr/bin/python
lrwxrwxrwx. 1root root 61月 252019/usr/bin/python2 -> python
5、更新系统默认 Python 版本
##先把系统默认的旧版 Python 重命名
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# mv /usr/bin/python /usr/bin/python.old
##再删除系统默认的 python-config 软链接
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# rm -f /usr/bin/python-config
##最后创建新版本的 Python 软链接
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# ln -s /usr/local/bin/python /usr/bin/python
##以上步骤做完以后,目录 /usr/bin 下的 Python 应该是
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# ll -tr /usr/bin/python*
-rwxr-xr-x. 2root root 48648月 182016/usr/bin/python.old
-rwxr-xr-x. 2root root 48648月 182016/usr/bin/python2.6
lrwxrwxrwx. 1root root 61月 252019/usr/bin/python2 -> python
lrwxrwxrwx 1root root 2110月 1217:20 /usr/bin/python -> /usr/local/bin/python
6、查看新的 Python 版本
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# python --version
Python 2.7.13
##返回 Python 2.7.13 为正常
7、为新版 Python 安装 setuptools
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/ez_setup.py -O - | python
##setuptools 正确安装完成后,easy_install 命令就会被安装在 /usr/local/bin 目录下了
8、为新版 Python 安装 pip
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# easy_install pip
##正确安装完成后,pip 命令就会被安装在 /usr/local/bin 目录下了
9、修改yum源,使其指向原来的版本
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# vim /usr/bin/yum
1#!/usr/bin/python2.6
##修改配置文件头部#!/usr/bin/python改为--->#!/usr/bin/python2.6
10、测试
[root@localhost Python-2.7.13]# pip install distribute
DEPRECATION: Python 2.7 will reach the end of its life on January 1st, 2020. Please upgrade your Python as Python 2.7 won't be maintained after that date. A future version of pip will drop support for Python 2.7. More details about Python 2 support in pip, can be found at https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/development/release-process/#python-2-support
Collecting distribute
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/5f/ad/1fde06877a8d7d5c9b60eff7de2d452f639916ae1d48f0b8f97bf97e570a/distribute-0.7.3.zip (145kB)
|████████████████████████████████| 153kB 252kB/s
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=0.7 in/usr/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/setuptools-33.1.1-py2.7.egg (from distribute) (33.1.1)
Installing collected packages: distribute
Running setup.py install fordistribute ... done
Successfully installed distribute-0.7.3