去站点下载mysql的yum源。地址例如以下：
http://repo.mysql.com/
在linux上先查看系统的版本，依据版本相应下载
more /etc/redhat-release

rpm -Uvh http://repo.mysql.com/mysql-community-release-el6-5.noarch.rpm

yum -y upgrade mysql
mysql_upgrade

改动database,table,column字符集
# For each database:
ALTER DATABASE vipmonk CHARACTER SET = utf8mb4 COLLATE = utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
# For each table:
ALTER TABLE table_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
# For each column:
ALTER TABLE table_name CHANGE column_name column_name VARCHAR(191) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
# (Don’t blindly copy-paste this! The exact statement depends on the column type, maximum length, and other properties. The above line is just an example for a `VARCHAR` column.)

改动my.ini(linux下为my.cnf)
[client]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysql]
default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]
character-set-client-handshake = FALSE
character-set-server = utf8mb4
collation-server = utf8mb4_unicode_ci
init_connect='SET NAMES utf8mb4'

又一次启动Mysql，检查字符集：
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES WHERE Variable_name LIKE 'character\_set\_%' OR Variable_name LIKE 'collation%';
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value              |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
| character_set_client     | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_connection | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_database   | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_filesystem | binary             |
| character_set_results    | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_server     | utf8mb4            |
| character_set_system     | utf8               |
| collation_connection     | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_database       | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
| collation_server         | utf8mb4_unicode_ci |
+--------------------------+--------------------+
10 rows in set (0.00 sec)

改动全部表和字段的字符集
ALTER TABLE tbl_name CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET character_name [COLLATE ...] 如：
ALTER TABLE logtest CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci;

//批量改动全部表和字段的字符集
SELECT
CONCAT('alter table ',table_name,' CONVERT TO CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;')
FROM
INFORMATION_SCHEMA.tables
WHERE
TABLE_SCHEMA='database_name'