2018-07-18 11:19:19

一、Minimum Window Substring

问题描述:

滑动窗口-Substring Search Problem_窗口大小

问题求解:

    public String minWindow(String s, String t) {
        String res = "";
        if (t.length() > s.length()) return res;
        Map<Character, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        for (int i = 0; i < t.length(); i++) {
            map.put(t.charAt(i), map.getOrDefault(t.charAt(i), 0) + 1);
        } 
        int begin, end, count;
        begin = 0;
        end = 0;
        count = map.size();
        int minLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
        for (; end < s.length(); end++) {
            char c = s.charAt(end);
            if (map.containsKey(c)) {
                map.put(c, map.get(c) - 1);
                if (map.get(c) == 0) count--;
            }
            while (count == 0) {
                if (end - begin + 1 < minLen) {
                    res = s.substring(begin, end);
                    minLen = end - begin + 1;
                }
                char temp = s.charAt(begin);
                if (map.containsKey(temp)) {
                    if (map.get(temp) == 0) count++;
                    map.put(temp, map.get(temp) + 1);
                }
                begin++;
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

 

二、Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters

问题描述:

滑动窗口-Substring Search Problem_窗口大小_02

问题求解:

    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        int[] map = new int[256];
        int res = 0;
        int begin = 0;
        for (int end = 0; end < s.length(); end++) {
            char c = s.charAt(end);
            map[c]++;
            while (map[c] > 1) {
                map[s.charAt(begin)]--;
                begin++;
            }
            res = Math.max(res, end - begin + 1);
        }
        return res;
    }

 

三、Substring with Concatenation of All Words

问题描述:

滑动窗口-Substring Search Problem_初始化_03

问题求解:

本题其实是一道拓展题,这里题目中给出了所有单词的长度相同,也就意味着可以将所有的单词看作单个字母来进行处理,如果是这样的话,那么外层循环很显然就是word length了。之后通过两个Map对单词进行计数就可以进行解决。

    public List<Integer> findSubstring(String s, String[] words) {
        List<Integer> res = new ArrayList<>();
        if (s == null || s.length() == 0 || words.length == 0) return res;
        Map<String, Integer> map = new HashMap<>();
        int wl = words[0].length();
        int num = words.length;
        int n = s.length();
        if (n < num * wl) return res;
        for (int i = 0; i < num; i++)
            map.put(words[i], map.getOrDefault(words[i], 0) + 1);
        for (int i = 0; i < wl; i++) {
            int begin, end, cnt;
            Map<String, Integer> seen = new HashMap<>();
            begin = i;
            cnt = 0;
            for (end = begin; end <= n - wl; end += wl) {
                String str = s.substring(end, end + wl);
                // 匹配成功
                if (map.containsKey(str)) {
                    seen.put(str, seen.getOrDefault(str, 0) + 1);
                    cnt++;
                    // 若计数个数超过map, 则需要对窗口大小进行调整
                    while (seen.get(str) > map.get(str)) {
                        String temp = s.substring(begin, begin + wl);
                        seen.put(temp, seen.get(temp) - 1);
                        begin = begin + wl;
                        cnt--;
                    }
                    // 如果所有单词都匹配完成, 则向res中添加答案,同时将窗口大小向前挪动一步
                    if (cnt == num) {
                        res.add(begin);
                        String temp = s.substring(begin, begin + wl);
                        seen.put(temp, seen.get(temp) - 1);
                        begin = begin + wl;
                        cnt--;
                    }
                }
                // 当前匹配失败,则begin要从下一个开始,且所有的计数都要初始化
                else {
                    seen.clear();
                    begin = end + wl;
                    cnt = 0;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }

 

四、Longest Substring with At Least K Repeating Characters

问题描述:

滑动窗口-Substring Search Problem_初始化_04

问题求解:

单纯的使用滑动窗口在修改窗口大小的时候会出现难以判断的情况,可以引入uniqueNum这个变量,来表征K个不同的字母,这样就可以大大降低问题的复杂度。

    public int longestSubstring(String s, int k) {
        int res = 0;
        char[] chs = s.toCharArray();
        for (int i = 1; i <= 26; i++) {
            res = Math.max(res, helper(chs, k, i));
        }
        return res;
    }
    
    private int helper(char[] chs, int k, int uniqueNum) {
        int res = 0;
        int[] cnt = new int[256];
        int begin = 0;
        int nolessthank = 0;
        int curUnique = 0;
        for (int end = 0; end < chs.length; end++) {
            if (cnt[chs[end]] == 0) curUnique++;
            if (cnt[chs[end]] == k - 1) nolessthank++;
            cnt[chs[end]]++;
            while (curUnique > uniqueNum) {
                if (cnt[chs[begin]] == k) nolessthank--;
                if (cnt[chs[begin]] == 1) curUnique--;
                cnt[chs[begin]]--;
                begin++;
            }
            if (curUnique == uniqueNum && nolessthank == curUnique) 
                res = Math.max(res, end - begin + 1);
        }
        return res;
    }

 

五、Max Consecutive Ones III 

问题描述:

滑动窗口-Substring Search Problem_滑动窗口_05

问题求解:

这种问题一般要么dp,要么滑动窗口,这种敏感性要有。

本题就是使用滑动窗口来进行解决的问题。实质上就是求解最长的substring其中至多包含k个0。

    public int longestOnes(int[] A, int K) {
        int res = 0;
        int begin = 0;
        int cnt = 0;
        for (int end = 0; end < A.length; end++) {
            if (A[end] == 0) cnt+= 1;
            while (cnt > K) {
                if (A[begin] == 0) cnt -= 1;
                begin++;
            }
            res = Math.max(res, end - begin + 1);
        }
        return res;
    }