简介

Netstat 命令用于显示各种网络相关信息,如网络连接,路由表,接口状态 (Interface Statistics),masquerade 连接,多播成员 (Multicast Memberships) 等等。

输出信息含义

执行netstat后,其输出结果为

Linux netstat命令详解_centos

[vagrant@centos6 ~]$ netstat|more Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:ssh               10.0.2.2:52091              ESTABLISHED Active UNIX domain sockets (w/o servers) Proto RefCnt Flags       Type       State         I-Node Path unix  11     [ ]         DGRAM                    11021  /dev/log unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    11556  @/org/freedesktop/hal/udev_event unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    8986   @/org/kernel/udev/udevd unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17777 unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17776

Linux netstat命令详解_sed_02

从整体上看,netstat的输出结果可以分为两个部分:

Linux netstat命令详解_用户名_03

OUTPUT    Active Internet connections (TCP, UDP, raw)    Proto        The protocol (tcp, udp, raw) used by the socket.     Recv-Q        The count of bytes not copied by the user program connected to this socket.     Send-Q        The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.

Linux netstat命令详解_sed_04

一个是Active Internet connections,称为有源TCP连接,其中"Recv-Q"和"Send-Q"指的是接收队列和发送队列,这些数字一般都应该是0。如果不是则表示软件包正在队列中堆积,这种情况非常少见。

Linux netstat命令详解_centos_05

Active UNIX domain Sockets    Proto        The protocol (usually unix) used by the socket.     RefCnt        The reference count (i.e. attached processes via this socket).     Flags        The  flags  displayed  is  SO_ACCEPTON  (displayed as ACC), SO_WAITDATA (W) or SO_NOSPACE (N).  SO_ACCECPTON is used on        unconnected sockets if their corresponding processes are waiting for a connect request. The other flags are not of nor-        mal interest.     Type        There are several types of socket access:         SOCK_DGRAM               The socket is used in Datagram (connectionless) mode.         SOCK_STREAM               This is a stream (connection) socket.         SOCK_RAW               The socket is used as a raw socket.

Linux netstat命令详解_路由表_06

另一个是Active UNIX domain sockets,称为有源Unix域套接口(和网络套接字一样,但是只能用于本机通信,性能可以提高一倍)。


Proto显示连接使用的协议, RefCnt表示连接到本套接口上的进程数量, Types显示套接口的类型, State显示套接口当前的状态, Path表示连接到套接口的其它进程使用的路径名。


常见参数

Linux netstat命令详解_路由表_07

-a (all)显示所有选项,netstat默认不显示LISTEN相关 -t (tcp)仅显示tcp相关选项 -u (udp)仅显示udp相关选项 -n 拒绝显示别名,能显示数字的全部转化成数字。(重要) -l 仅列出有在 Listen (监听) 的服務状态  -p 显示建立相关链接的程序名(macOS中表示协议 -p protocol) -r 显示路由信息,路由表 -e 显示扩展信息,例如uid等 -s 按各个协议进行统计 (重要) -c 每隔一个固定时间,执行该netstat命令。

Linux netstat命令详解_sed_08

提示:LISTEN和LISTENING的状态只有用-a或者-l才能看到

实用命令实例

1. 列出所有端口 (包括监听和未监听的)


列出所有端口:     netstat -a 列出所有tcp端口:  netstat -at 列出所有udp端口:  netstat -au


2. 列出所有处于监听状态的 Sockets


只显示监听端口:          netstat -l 只列出所有监听tcp端口:   netstat -lt 只列出所有监听udp端口:   netstat -lu 只列出所有监听UNIX端口:  netstat -lx


3. 显示每个协议的统计信息

显示所有端口的统计信息 netstat -s

Linux netstat命令详解_sed_09

[vagrant@centos6 ~]$ netstat -s Ip:     2081 total packets received     2 with invalid addresses     0 forwarded     0 incoming packets discarded     2079 incoming packets delivered     1319 requests sent out Icmp:     0 ICMP messages received     0 input ICMP message failed.     ICMP input histogram:     0 ICMP messages sent     0 ICMP messages failed     ICMP output histogram: Tcp:     0 active connections openings     3 passive connection openings     0 failed connection attempts     0 connection resets received     1 connections established     1957 segments received     1103 segments send out     0 segments retransmited     0 bad segments received.     1 resets sent Udp:     122 packets received     0 packets to unknown port received.     0 packet receive errors     216 packets sent UdpLite: TcpExt:     9 delayed acks sent     1 packets directly queued to recvmsg prequeue.     730 packets header predicted     5 acknowledgments not containing data received     1036 predicted acknowledgments     0 TCP data loss events IpExt:     InOctets: 146500     OutOctets: 132340

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显示 TCP 或 UDP 端口的统计信息 netstat -st 或 -su


# netstat -st  # netstat -su


4. 显示 PID 和进程名称

netstat -p 可以与其它开关一起使用,就可以添加 “PID/进程名称” 到 netstat 输出中,这样 debugging 的时候可以很方便的发现特定端口运行的程序。


[root@centos6 ~]# netstat -pt Active Internet connections (w/o servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address               Foreign Address             State       PID/Program name tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:ssh               10.0.2.2:52964              ESTABLISHED 3008/sshd tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:ssh               10.0.2.2:52091              ESTABLISHED 2813/sshd


5. 不显示主机,端口和用户名 (host, port or user)

当你不想让主机,端口和用户名显示,使用 netstat -n。将会使用数字代替那些名称。该参数可以加速output的输出,因为不用进行比对查询。


# netstat -an
# 如果只是不想让这三个名称中的一个被显示,使用以下命令
# netsat -a --numeric-ports
# netsat -a --numeric-hosts
# netsat -a --numeric-users


6. 持续输出 netstat 信息

netstat 将每隔一秒输出网络信息。


# netstat -t -c 2


7. 显示系统不支持的地址族 (Address Families)


netstat --verbose


8. 显示核心路由信息

Linux netstat命令详解_unix_11

[root@centos6 ~]# netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination     Gateway         Genmask         Flags   MSS Window  irtt Iface 10.0.2.0        0.0.0.0         255.255.255.0   U         0 0          0 eth0 169.254.0.0     0.0.0.0         255.255.0.0     U         0 0          0 eth0 0.0.0.0         10.0.2.2        0.0.0.0         UG        0 0          0 eth0  # 注意: 使用 netstat -rn 显示数字格式,不查询主机名称,效果等价于route -n

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9. 找出程序运行的端口

并不是所有的进程都能找到,没有权限的会不显示,使用 root 权限查看所有的信息。

Linux netstat命令详解_路由表_13

[root@centos6 ~]# netstat -apn | grep ssh tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN      1438/sshd tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:22                10.0.2.2:52964              ESTABLISHED 3008/sshd tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:22                10.0.2.2:52091              ESTABLISHED 2813/sshd tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN      1438/sshd unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     18443  3008/sshd unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     18442  3011/sshd unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    18439  3008/sshd unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17777  2813/sshd unix  3      [ ]         STREAM     CONNECTED     17776  2816/sshd unix  2      [ ]         DGRAM                    17773  2813/sshd

Linux netstat命令详解_sed_14

找出运行在指定端口的进程


[root@centos6 ~]# netstat -an | grep ':22' tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:22                  0.0.0.0:*                   LISTEN tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:22                10.0.2.2:52964              ESTABLISHED tcp        0      0 10.0.2.15:22                10.0.2.2:52091              ESTABLISHED tcp        0      0 :::22                       :::*                        LISTEN


10. 显示网络接口列表

Linux netstat命令详解_unix_15

[root@centos6 ~]# netstat -i Kernel Interface table Iface       MTU Met    RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR    TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg eth0       1500   0    12125      0      0      0     5474      0      0      0 BMRU lo        65536   0        0      0      0      0        0      0      0      0 LRU  [root@centos6 ~]# netstat -ie Kernel Interface table eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 52:54:00:5D:A4:AF           inet addr:10.0.2.15  Bcast:10.0.2.255  Mask:255.255.255.0           inet6 addr: fe80::5054:ff:fe5d:a4af/64 Scope:Link           UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1           RX packets:12131 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:5477 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000           RX bytes:7474852 (7.1 MiB)  TX bytes:580343 (566.7 KiB)  lo        Link encap:Local Loopback           inet addr:127.0.0.1  Mask:255.0.0.0           inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host           UP LOOPBACK RUNNING  MTU:65536  Metric:1           RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0           TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0           collisions:0 txqueuelen:0           RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

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11. IP和TCP分析

查看连接某服务端口最多的的IP地址/TCP各种状态列表: