#man -k
root@bae226a5b14a:/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d# man -k man
add_key (2) - add a key to the kernel's key management facility
at (1posix) - execute commands at a later time
batch (1posix) - schedule commands to be executed in a batch queue
bpf (2) - perform a command on an extended BPF map or program
bsd_signal (3) - signal handling with BSD semantics
command (1posix) - execute a simple command
copysign (3posix) - number manipulation function
cproj (3) - project into Riemann Sphere
cprojf (3) - project into Riemann Sphere
cprojl (3) - project into Riemann Sphere
CPU_ALLOC (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_ALLOC_SIZE (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_AND (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_AND_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_CLR (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_CLR_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_COUNT (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_COUNT_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_EQUAL (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_EQUAL_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_FREE (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_ISSET (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_ISSET_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_OR (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_OR_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_SET (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_SET_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_XOR (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_XOR_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_ZERO (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
CPU_ZERO_S (3) - macros for manipulating CPU sets
dot (1posix) - execute commands in the current environment
env (1posix) - set the environment for command invocation
ether_aton (3) - Ethernet address manipulation routines
ether_aton_r (3) - Ethernet address manipulation routines
ether_hostton (3) - Ethernet address manipulation routines
ether_line (3) - Ethernet address manipulation routines
ether_ntoa (3) - Ethernet address manipulation routines
ether_ntoa_r (3) - Ethernet address manipulation routines
ether_ntohost (3) - Ethernet address manipulation routines
eval（1posix) - construct command by concatenating arguments
exec (1posix) - execute commands and open, close, or copy file descriptors
fallocate (2) - manipulate file space
fc (1posix) - process the command history list
fcntl (2) - manipulate file descriptor
fcntl64 (2) - manipulate file descriptor
frexp (3posix) - extract mantissa and exponent from a double precision number
get_thread_area (2) - manipulate thread-local storage information
getnameinfo (3) - address-to-name translation in protocol-independent manner
getopt (3) - Parse command-line options
getopt (3posix) - command option parsing
getopt_long (3) - Parse command-line options
getopt_long_only (3) - Parse command-line options
gnu_dev_major (3) - manage a device number
gnu_dev_makedev (3) - manage a device number
gnu_dev_minor (3) - manage a device number
hcreate (3) - hash table management
hcreate (3posix) - manage hash search table
hcreate_r (3) - hash table management
hdestroy (3) - hash table management
hdestroy_r (3) - hash table management
hosts.equiv (5) - list of hosts and users that are granted "trusted" r command access to your system
hsearch (3) - hash table management
hsearch_r (3) - hash table management
inet (3) - Internet address manipulation routines
inet_addr (3) - Internet address manipulation routines
inet_addr (3posix) - IPv4 address manipulation
inet_aton (3) - Internet address manipulation routines
inet_lnaof (3) - Internet address manipulation routines
inet_makeaddr (3) - Internet address manipulation routines
inet_netof (3) - Internet address manipulation routines
inet_network (3) - Internet address manipulation routines
inet_ntoa (3) - Internet address manipulation routines
intro (1) - introduction to user commands
intro (8) - introduction to administration and privileged commands
ioctl_fat (2) - manipulating the FAT filesystem
iruserok (3) - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
iruserok_af (3) - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
keyctl (2) - manipulate the kernel's key management facility
keyrings (7) - in-kernel key management and retention facility
major (3) - manage a device number
makecontext (3) - manipulate user context
makedev (3) - manage a device number
man (1posix) - display system documentation
man (7) - macros to format man pages
man-pages (7) - conventions for writing Linux man pages
minor (3) - manage a device number
nextafter (3) - floating-point number manipulation
nextafterf (3) - floating-point number manipulation
nextafterl (3) - floating-point number manipulation
nexttoward (3) - floating-point number manipulation
nexttowardf (3) - floating-point number manipulation
nexttowardl (3) - floating-point number manipulation
optarg (3) - Parse command-line options
opterr (3) - Parse command-line options
optind (3) - Parse command-line options
optopt (3) - Parse command-line options
perf_event_open (2) - set up performance monitoring
perfmonctl (2) - interface to IA-64 performance monitoring unit
posix_trace_close (3posix) - trace log management (TRACING)
posix_trace_eventid_equal (3posix) - manipulate the trace event type identifier (TRACING)
posix_trace_eventset_add (3posix) - manipulate trace event type sets (TRACING)
posix_trace_open (3posix) - trace log management (TRACING)
pthread_getspecific (3posix) - thread-specific data management
pthread_setspecific (3posix) - thread-specific data management
quotactl (2) - manipulate disk quotas
rcmd (3) - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
rcmd_af (3) - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
request_key (2) - request a key from the kernel's key management facility
rexec (3) - return stream to a remote command
rexec_af (3) - return stream to a remote command
rresvport (3) - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
rresvport_af (3) - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
rtnetlink (3) - macros to manipulate rtnetlink messages
ruserok (3) - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
ruserok_af (3) - routines for returning a stream to a remote command
set_thread_area (2) - manipulate thread-local storage information
sgetmask (2) - manipulation of signal mask (obsolete)
sh (1posix) - shell, the standard command language interpreter
sighold (3posix) - signal management
signal (3posix) - signal management
significand (3) - get mantissa of floating-point number
significandf (3) - get mantissa of floating-point number
significandl (3) - get mantissa of floating-point number
sigrelse (3posix) - signal management
ssetmask (2) - manipulation of signal mask (obsolete)
swapcontext (3) - manipulate user context
sys_mman.h (7posix) - memory management declarations
system (3) - execute a shell command
system (3posix) - issue a command
sysv_signal (3) - signal handling with System V semantics
tdelete (3) - manage a binary search tree
tdelete (3posix) - manage a binary search tree
tdestroy (3) - manage a binary search tree
tfind (3) - manage a binary search tree
time (1posix) - time a simple command
tsearch (3) - manage a binary search tree
twalk (3) - manage a binary search tree
twalk_r (3) - manage a binary search tree
type (1posix) - write a description of command type
ulimit.h (7posix) - ulimit commands
uux (1posix) - remote command execution
root@bae226a5b14a:/etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg.d#
root@bae226a5b14a:/# whatis command
command (1posix) - execute a simple command
root@bae226a5b14a:/# whatis ls
ls (1posix) - list directory contents
root@bae226a5b14a:/# whatis man
man (7) - macros to format man pages
man (1posix) - display system documentation
root@bae226a5b14a:/# whatis -w "loca*"
locale (1) - get locale-specific information
locale (1posix) - get locale-specific information
locale (5) - describes a locale definition file
locale (7) - description of multilanguage support
locale.h (7posix) - category macros
localeconv (3) - get numeric formatting information
localeconv (3posix) - return locale-specific information
localedef (1) - compile locale definition files
localedef (1posix) - define locale environment
localtime (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
localtime (3posix) - convert a time value to a broken-down local time
localtime_r (3) - transform date and time to broken-down time or ASCII
root@bae226a5b14a:/# info command
bash: info: command not found
# dockerfile
&& apt-get install -y info
1.2. 命令使用
查看命令的简要说明
简要说明命令的作用（显示命令所处的man分类页面）:
$whatis command
正则匹配:
$whatis -w "loca*"
更加详细的说明文档:
$info command
使用man
查询命令command的说明文档:
$man command
eg：man date
使用page up和page down来上下翻页
在man的帮助手册中，将帮助文档分为了9个类别，对于有的关键字可能存在多个类别中， 我们就需要指定特定的类别来查看；（一般我们查询bash命令，归类在1类中）；
man页面所属的分类标识(常用的是分类1和分类3)
(1)、用户可以操作的命令或者是可执行文件
(2)、系统核心可调用的函数与工具等
(3)、一些常用的函数与数据库
(4)、设备文件的说明
(5)、设置文件或者某些文件的格式
(6)、游戏
(7)、惯例与协议等。例如Linux标准文件系统、网络协议、ASCⅡ，码等说明内容
(8)、系统管理员可用的管理条令
(9)、与内核有关的文件
前面说到使用whatis会显示命令所在的具体的文档类别，我们学习如何使用它
eg:
$whatis printf
printf (1) - format and print data
printf (1p) - write formatted output
printf (3) - formatted output conversion
printf (3p) - print formatted output
printf [builtins] (1) - bash built-in commands, see bash(1)
我们看到printf在分类1和分类3中都有；分类1中的页面是命令操作及可执行文件的帮助；而3是常用函数库说明；如果我们想看的是C语言中printf的用法，可以指定查看分类3的帮助：
$man 3 printf
$man -k keyword
查询关键字 根据命令中部分关键字来查询命令，适用于只记住部分命令的场合；
eg：查找GNOME的config配置工具命令:
$man -k GNOME config| grep 1
对于某个单词搜索，可直接使用/word来使用: /-a; 多关注下SEE ALSO 可看到更多精彩内容
root@bae226a5b14a:/# whatis printf
printf (3) - formatted output conversion
printf (1posix) - write formatted output
printf (3posix) - print formatted output
root@bae226a5b14a:/# man 3 printf
PRINTF(3) Linux Programmer's Manual PRINTF(3)
NAME
printf, fprintf, dprintf, sprintf, snprintf, vprintf, vfprintf, vdprintf, vsprintf, vsnprintf - formatted out-
put conversion
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdio.h>
int printf(const char *format, ...);
int fprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, ...);
int dprintf(int fd, const char *format, ...);
int sprintf(char *str, const char *format, ...);
int snprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, ...);
#include <stdarg.h>
int vprintf(const char *format, va_list ap);
int vfprintf(FILE *stream, const char *format, va_list ap);
int vdprintf(int fd, const char *format, va_list ap);
int vsprintf(char *str, const char *format, va_list ap);
int vsnprintf(char *str, size_t size, const char *format, va_list ap);
Feature Test Macro Requirements for glibc (see feature_test_macros(7)):
snprintf(), vsnprintf():
_XOPEN_SOURCE >= 500 || _ISOC99_SOURCE ||
|| /* Glibc versions <= 2.19: */ _BSD_SOURCE
dprintf(), vdprintf():
Since glibc 2.10:
_POSIX_C_SOURCE >= 200809L
Before glibc 2.10:
_GNU_SOURCE
DESCRIPTION
The functions in the printf() family produce output according to a format as described below. The functions
printf() and vprintf() write output to stdout, the standard output stream; fprintf() and vfprintf() write out-
put to the given output stream; sprintf(), snprintf(), vsprintf() and vsnprintf() write to the character
string str.
The function dprintf() is the same as fprintf() except that it outputs to a file descriptor, fd, instead of to
a stdio stream.
The functions snprintf() and vsnprintf() write at most size bytes (including the terminating null byte ('\0'))
to str.
The functions vprintf(), vfprintf(), vdprintf(), vsprintf(), vsnprintf() are equivalent to the functions
root@bae226a5b14a:/# man -k keyword
keyword: nothing appropriate.
root@bae226a5b14a:/# man -k GNOME config| grep 1
GNOME: nothing appropriate.
dir_colors (5) - configuration file for dircolors(1)
getconf (1posix) - get configuration values
root@bae226a5b14a:/#
查看路径
查看程序的binary文件所在路径:
$which command
eg:查找make程序安装路径:
$which make
/opt/app/openav/soft/bin/make install
查看程序的搜索路径:
$whereis command
当系统中安装了同一软件的多个版本时，不确定使用的是哪个版本时，这个命令就能派上用场；
总结
whatis info man which whereis
root@bae226a5b14a:/# man -k keyword
keyword: nothing appropriate.
root@bae226a5b14a:/# man -k GNOME config| grep 1
GNOME: nothing appropriate.
dir_colors (5) - configuration file for dircolors(1)
getconf (1posix) - get configuration values
root@bae226a5b14a:/# which make
root@bae226a5b14a:/# which vi
/usr/bin/vi
root@bae226a5b14a:/# whereis vi
vi: /usr/bin/vi /usr/share/man/man1/vi.1posix.gz
root@bae226a5b14a:/#
#dockerfile change
# base image
FROM ubuntu:latest
LABEL maintainer="Pan"
# WORKDIR /app
EXPOSE 3000
EXPOSE 35729
COPY sources.list /etc/apt
RUN apt-get update \
# && apt-get install -y locales \
# && apt-get install debconf \
# && echo "Asia/Shanghai" > /etc/timezone \
# && dpkg-reconfigure -f noninteractive tzdata \
# && cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime \
# && sed -i -e 's/# en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8/en_US.UTF-8 UTF-8/' /etc/locale.gen \
# && echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"'>/etc/default/locale \
# && dpkg-reconfigure --frontend=noninteractive locales \
# && update-locale LANG=en_US.UTF-8 \
&& apt-get install -y man \
&& apt-get install manpages \
&& apt-get install manpages-dev \
&& apt-get install manpages-posix \
&& apt-get install manpages-posix-dev \
&& apt-get install -y vim \
&& apt-get install -y info
# CMD ["/bin"]
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