第四周作业_sed

  1. 自建yum仓库，分别为网络源和本地源

    网络yum源配置文件：


    [14:42:19 root@centos8 cd]#cat /etc/yum.repos.d/base.repo
    [BaseOS]
    name=BaseOS
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
            http://mirrors.163.com//centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
            http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/BaseOS/$basearch/os/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    ​
    [AppStream]
    name=AppStream
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
            http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
            http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/AppStream/$basearch/os/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    ​
    [EPEL]
    name=EPEL
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
            https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
            https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
            https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/$releasever/Everything/$basearch/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-$releasever
    ​
    [extras]
    name=extras
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
            http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
            http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/os/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    enabled=1
    ​
    [centosplus]
    name=centosplus
    baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
            https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
            http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
            http://mirrors.sohu.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/os/
    gpgcheck=1
    gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-centosofficial
    ​
    ​

    本地yum源：


    1. 首先插入光盘镜像
    2. 可以手动挂载或者使用yum install -y autofs来自动挂载光盘
    3. 编写配置文件，放在/etc/yum.repos.d目录下，以.repo后缀结尾即可
    以安装autofs自动挂载为例。
    [14:54:38 root@centos8 ~]#yum install -y autofs
    [14:55:38 root@centos8 ~]#systemctl enabled --now autofs
    [14:56:19 root@centos8 ~]#ls /misc/cd/AppStream/
    Packages  repodata
    [14:57:03 root@centos8 ~]#cat /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo
    [cd.app]
    name=cd.app
    baseurl=file:///misc/cd/AppStream
    #autofs自动挂载镜像到/misc/cd目录，指向/misc/cd/AppStream，可以看到repodata目录
    gpgcheck=0
    enabled=1
    [14:59:45 root@centos8 ~]##cat  /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo
    [cd.baseos]
    name=cd.baseos
    baseurl=file:///misc/cd/BaseOS
    gpgcheck=0
    enable=1
    ​

  2. 编译安装http2.4，实现可以正常访问，并将编译步骤和结果提交。


    #1 安装相关包
    [15:51:32 root@centos8 ~]#dnf install gcc make autoconf apr-devel apr-util-devel  pcre-devel openssl-devel redhat-rpm-config -y
    ​
    #2 下载并解压包
    [15:53:11 root@centos8 ~]#wget https://archive.apache.org/dist/httpd/httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2
    [15:55:34 root@centos8 ~]#tar -xvf httpd-2.4.46.tar.bz2  -C /usr/local/src/
    ​
    #3 配置
    [15:56:37 root@centos8 src]#cd /usr/local/src/httpd-2.4.46/
    [16:00:04 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#./configure --prefix=/apps/httpd --sysconfdir=/etc/httpd --enable-ssl
    ​
    #4 编译并安装
    [16:00:39 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#make -j 2 && make install
    ​
    #5 配置环境变量
    [16:03:25 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#echo 'PATH=/apps/httpd/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
    [16:03:50 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#. /etc/profile.d/httpd.sh
    ​
    #6 启动
    [16:03:58 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#apachectl start
    ​
    #7 指定apache用户运行
    [16:04:16 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#useradd -r -s /sbin/nologin -d /var/www -c Apache -u 48 apache
    [16:04:38 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#vim /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
    User apache
    Group apache
    ​
    #8 配置生效
    [16:08:51 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#apachectl restart
    [16:09:06 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#ps aux |grep apache
    apache    119719  0.0  0.3 1339488 7688 ?        Sl   16:08   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
    apache    119720  0.0  0.4 1339488 9728 ?        Sl   16:08   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
    apache    119721  0.0  0.6 1339488 13808 ?       Sl   16:08   0:00 /apps/httpd/bin/httpd -k start
    ​
    #9 验证网页
    [16:09:10 root@centos8 httpd-2.4.46]#curl localhost
    <html><body><h1>It works!</h1></body></html>
    ​
    ​
    ​
    ​
    ​

  3. 利用sed 取出ifconfig命令中本机的IPv4地址


    [16:27:28 root@centos8 ~]#ifconfig eth0 |sed -En "/inet/s#[^0-9]+([0-9.]+).*#\1#p"|cat -A
    10.0.0.150$
    ​

  4. 删除/etc/fstab文件中所有以#开头，后面至少跟一个空白字符的行的行首的#和空白字符


    [16:36:16 root@centos8 ~]#cat -A /etc/fstab
    $
    #$
    # /etc/fstab$
    # Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 19 12:39:26 2021$
    #$
    # Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
    # See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
    #$
    # After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
    # units generated from this file.$
    #$
    UUID=a09f483f-5645-4bf5-84e6-74ff560bfcab /                       xfs     defaults        0 0$
    UUID=a7cdba8a-1b4f-4cf3-ace5-809ec6b732d6 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2$
    UUID=b1482237-a49f-4e3b-a534-bb7a1325b7d6 /date                   xfs     defaults        0 0$
    UUID=30f25ee0-b7f6-47b5-978d-bc2a3d33e1d4 none                    swap    defaults        0 0$
    [16:36:17 root@centos8 ~]#sed -r '/^#/s/^#[ \t]+//g' /etc/fstab |cat -A
    $
    #$
    /etc/fstab$
    Created by anaconda on Mon Jul 19 12:39:26 2021$
    #$
    Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk/'.$
    See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info.$
    #$
    After editing this file, run 'systemctl daemon-reload' to update systemd$
    units generated from this file.$
    #$
    UUID=a09f483f-5645-4bf5-84e6-74ff560bfcab /                       xfs     defaults        0 0$
    UUID=a7cdba8a-1b4f-4cf3-ace5-809ec6b732d6 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2$
    UUID=b1482237-a49f-4e3b-a534-bb7a1325b7d6 /date                   xfs     defaults        0 0$
    UUID=30f25ee0-b7f6-47b5-978d-bc2a3d33e1d4 none                    swap    defaults        0 0$
    ​

  5. 处理/etc/fstab路径,使用sed命令取出其目录名和基名


    [16:49:31 root@centos8 ~]#ls /etc/fstab |sed -r 's#^(/.*/)(.*)#path: \1 \nbasename: \2#'
    path: /etc/
    basename: fstab
    ​

  6. 列出ubuntu软件管理工具apt的一些用法(自由总结)

    • apt命令语法：

    apt options [package ...] options：可选，选项包括 -h（帮助），-y（当安装过程提示选择全部为"yes"），-q（不显示安装的过程）等等。 command：要进行的操作。 package：安装的包名。

  • apt 常用命令

    列出所有可更新的软件清单命令：apt update

    升级软件包：apt upgrade

    列出可更新的软件包及版本信息：apt list --upgradeable

    升级软件包，升级前先删除需要更新软件包：apt full-upgrade

    安装指定的软件命令：apt install <package_name>

    安装多个软件包：apt install <package_1> <package_2> <package_3>

    更新指定的软件命令：apt update <package_name>

    显示软件包具体信息,例如：版本号，安装大小，依赖关系等等：apt show <package_name>

    删除软件包命令：apt remove <package_name>

    清理不再使用的依赖和库文件: apt autoremove

    移除软件包及配置文件: apt purge <package_name>

    查找软件包命令： apt search <keyword>

    列出所有已安装的包：apt list --installed

    列出所有已安装的包的版本信息：apt list --all-versions