form组件代码:
from app02.models import Userfrom django.core.exceptions import ValidationError class AjaxForm(forms.Form): user = fields.CharField( required=True, min_length=3, max_length=7, ) email = fields.EmailField( required=True, ) #自定义方法 clean_字段名 #必须返回值self.cleaned_data['user'] #如果出错抛出raise ValidationError("error...")
#会在基础验证成功后,使用自定义方法进行验证
#扩展点1
#验证用户名唯一 def clean_user(self): v = self.cleaned_data['user'] if User.objects.filter(username=v).count(): #重复了 raise ValidationError("用户名已存在") return v #验证邮箱....未完成 def clean_email(self): return self.cleaned_data['email']
#扩展点2
def clean(self):
#self.cleaned_data中含有所有成功验证数据
value_dict = self.cleaned_data
v1 = value_dict.get('user')
v2 = value_dict.get("email")
# if User.objects.filter(username=v1,email=v2).count():
# #重复了
# raise ValidationError("username and email is exists")
if v1=="root123" and v2=="66666da@qq.com":
raise ValidationError("username and email is exists")
return self.cleaned_data
如果在数据库中发现重复数据,抛出错误。
views代码:
def ajax(req): if req.method == "GET": obj = AjaxForm() return render(req,"ajax.html",{"obj":obj}) else: ret={} obj = AjaxForm(req.POST) if obj.is_valid(): #在使用is_valid之后才会将数据进行验证 ret['status']="OK" return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret)) else: print(obj.errors) ret['message']=obj.errors return HttpResponse(json.dumps(ret))
在is_valid后开始验证代码,从此处进入
源码查看:
class BaseForm: def is_valid(self): """ Returns True if the form has no errors. Otherwise, False. If errors are being ignored, returns False. """若是表单数据正确,则返回true return self.is_bound and not self.errors #是属性方法,进行字段验证
self.is_bound = data is not None or files is not None #data传入表单数据不为空,所以is_bound=true
考虑self.errors:
@property def errors(self): "Returns an ErrorDict for the data provided for the form"#返回错误信息为表单数据 if self._errors is None: #初始self._errors是null self.full_clean() #进入该方法 return self._errors
追踪self.full_clean():
def full_clean(self): """ Cleans all of self.data and populates self._errors and self.cleaned_data. """ self._errors = ErrorDict() #初始化错误字典 if not self.is_bound: # Stop further processing. return self.cleaned_data = {} #初始化正确数据 # If the form is permitted to be empty, and none of the form data has # changed from the initial data, short circuit any validation. if self.empty_permitted and not self.has_changed(): #如果允许为空,并且数据为从初始状态进行改变,则直接返回 return #下面是开始验证的方法 self._clean_fields() self._clean_form() self._post_clean()
开始验证字段:self._clean_fields()
def _clean_fields(self):
#循环字段,在form组件中设置的字段,该字段来自于DeclarativeFieldsMetaclass的__new__ for name, field in self.fields.items(): # value_from_datadict() gets the data from the data dictionaries. # Each widget type knows how to retrieve its own data, because some # widgets split data over several HTML fields. if field.disabled: value = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name) else: value = field.widget.value_from_datadict(self.data, self.files, self.add_prefix(name)) try: if isinstance(field, FileField): initial = self.get_initial_for_field(field, name) value = field.clean(value, initial) else: value = field.clean(value) self.cleaned_data[name] = value
#上面尝试进行正则验证,验证成功后,开始下面逻辑
#会调用 clean_%s方法name是字段名,这就是我们的自定义方法,我们可以在已经满足正则验证后的数据
#上再次进行自定义函数的验证,比如验证数据库数据的唯一性处理 if hasattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name): value = getattr(self, 'clean_%s' % name)() self.cleaned_data[name] = value #注意:最终的值取决于自定义方法:前提是已经存在该方法 except ValidationError as e: #在自定义方法上,如果验证出错,我们需要抛出该错误让该方法进行捕获 self.add_error(name, e)
这里进行循环字段验证,一次验证一个字段,而且字段顺序按照form组件中定义字段的顺序。
可以看上面使用方法clean_user
但是对于联合唯一,差了点。
继续进行流程分析:(前提是前面没有抛出错误)
分析def full_clean(self):中的第二个方法:self._clean_form()
def _clean_form(self): try: cleaned_data = self.clean() except ValidationError as e: self.add_error(None, e) else: if cleaned_data is not None: self.cleaned_data = cleaned_data
其中调用了self.clean()方法:
def clean(self): """ #预留钩子函数,在此处可以进行验证,出错抛出ValidationError错误 但是信息字段名是__all__,不是某一个字段名,比如user #第一个方法是针对某一个,那个key就是对应字段名(单个字段错误验证),第二个方法是针对所有字段(整体错误验证),所有是__all__
Hook for doing any extra form-wide cleaning after Field.clean() has been called on every field. Any ValidationError raised by this method will not be associated with a particular field; it will have a special-case association with the field named '__all__'. """ return self.cleaned_data
其中由于第一个方法成功,所以self.cleaned_data中含有所有字段信息,此处可以对所有字段一起进行验证
也是一个扩展点
可以看上面方法clean使用:
补充:
def _clean_form(self): try: cleaned_data = self.clean() except ValidationError as e: self.add_error(None, e) #此处添加错误时是None为字段名,为什么在后面变为__all__ else: if cleaned_data is not None: self.cleaned_data = cleaned_data
查看代码add_error
def add_error(self, field, error): error = {field or NON_FIELD_ERRORS: error.error_list}
查看字段名NON_FIELD_ERRORS :空的定义
NON_FIELD_ERRORS = '__all__'
公共错误信息放在__all__中(不是字段验证产生的错误信息放置位置) 错误信息存放形式,以字典存放 { __all__:[], 字段名1:[], 字段名2:[], 字段名3:[], .... }
分析第三个方法:self._post_clean()
def _post_clean(self): """ An internal hook for performing additional cleaning after form cleaning is complete. Used for model validation in model forms. """ pass
这个方法也是一个扩展点,但是没有像前两个方法一样做错误捕获,我们需要自己做,由于前两个基本内容可以完成,这个可以不需要