1.下载备份工具： wget https://downloads.percona.com/downloads/Percona-XtraBackup-LATEST/Percona-XtraBackup-8.0.22-15/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/percona-xtrabackup-80-8.0.22-15.1.el7.x86_64.rpm 注意xtrabackup8不再有innodbackupex

2.docker 启动数据库（mysql 的docker启用默认会读取/etc/mysql/my.cnf,所以要把配置文件放到宿主的一个目录-v进去） docker run --restart=always --privileged=true -d -v /usr/mysql/conf/:/etc/mysql/ -v /usr/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:8.0.21 ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY '123456'; 配置文件： vim /usr/mysql/conf/my.cnf [client]

#socket = /usr/mysql/mysqld.sock

default-character-set = utf8mb4

[mysqld]

#pid-file = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid

#socket = /var/run/mysqld/mysqld.sock

#datadir = /var/lib/mysql

#socket = /usr/mysql/mysqld.sock

#pid-file = /usr/mysql/mysqld.pid

datadir = /var/lib/mysql

character_set_server = utf8mb4

collation_server = utf8mb4_bin

secure-file-priv= NULL

Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

symbolic-links=0

Custom config should go here

#!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/

3.备份方法： 第一步：构造一个自己备份的my.cnf.bak /etc/my.cnf.bak 里面写如下内容： [mysqld] datadir=/usr/mysql/data log-bin=/usr/mysql/data/binlog log-bin-index=/usr/mysql/data/binlog.index #socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks

#symbolic-links=0

Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.

If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,

customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the

instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd

#[mysqld_safe] #log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log #pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

include all files from the config directory

#!includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

第二步：执行备份脚本 xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf.bak --datadir=/usr/mysql/data --host='10.25.15.86' --user='root' --password='123456' --port=3306 --backup --target-dir=/home/mysqlbackup/FULL-253database-date +%Y-%m-%d-%H-%M-%S

4.模拟删掉数据文件，进行恢复 模拟故障： docker rm -v mysql -f 再另外一台机器启动： docker run --restart=always --privileged=true -d -v /usr/mysql/conf/:/etc/mysql/ -v /usr/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -p 3306:3306 --name mysql -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 mysql:8.0.21 删除数据目录 docker stop mysql cd /usr/mysql/data rm -rf ./*

注意这里指定的配置文件时docker容器mysql的配置文件 xtrabackup --defaults-file=/usr/mysql/conf/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/home/mysqlbackup/FULL-253database-2021-01-22-23-34-04/ /usr/mysql/conf/my.cnf修改datadir=/usr/mysql/data xtrabackup --defaults-file=/usr/mysql/conf/my.cnf --copy-back --target-dir=/home/mysqlbackup/FULL-253database-2021-01-22-23-34-04/ 然后/usr/mysql/conf/my.cnf再修改 datadir=/var/lib/mysql docker start mysql