第十九天--第二十天

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三思博客 2024-03-19 21:31:04 博主文章分类：实战派日记 ©著作权

文章标签 bash bc redis 文章分类 HarmonyOS 后端开发

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第十九天--第二十天

1.使用awk 打印 passwd 第二行

awk 'NR==2' /etc/passwd

2.统计/etc/services文件中有井号开头的行

grep -c '^#' /etc/services

或者

awk '/^#{c++} END{print c}' /etc/services

3.使用查询file abc结尾的行

grep 'abc$' file 

awk '/abc/' file 



[root@master ~]# grep 'abc$' file
 abc
sdjkfhoedskakabc
abc
abc


[root@master ~]# awk '/abc/' file
 abc
sdjkfhoedskakabc
abc
abceoiuohierheih
abc

4.总结:awk命令中$符号用法

awk '{print $1}'  打印每一行的第一个字段
awk -F ":" '{print $1,$4}' /etc/passwd      -F 指定分隔符为冒号，以冒号 (:) 作为字段分隔符来处理 /etc/passwd 文件，并打印出每一行的第一个和第四个字段。

使用awk 取/etc/passwd 第一列数据

awk '{print $1}' /etc/passwd

通常第一条命令就可以取出来了，但是如果遇到了awk没有正确把输入行分割成字段，就需要用下面这条命令了

awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd



运行结果如下：
[root@master ~]# awk '{print $1}' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
ftp:x:14:50:FTP
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi
dbus:x:81:81:System
polkitd:x:999:998:User
tss:x:59:59:Account
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated
wang:x:1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd
it101:x:1001:1001::/home/it101:/bin/bash
it1:x:1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it2:x:1003:1003::/home/it2:/bin/bash
it3:x:1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it4:x:1005:1005::/home/it4:/bin/bash
it5:x:1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it6:x:1007:1007::/home/it6:/bin/bash
it7:x:1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it8:x:1009:1009::/home/it8:/bin/bash
it9:x:1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it10:x:1011:1011::/home/it10:/bin/bash
it11:x:1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it12:x:1013:1013::/home/it12:/bin/bash
it13:x:1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it14:x:1015:1015::/home/it14:/bin/bash
it15:x:1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it16:x:1017:1017::/home/it16:/bin/bash
it17:x:1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it18:x:1019:1019::/home/it18:/bin/bash
it19:x:1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it20:x:1021:1021::/home/it20:/bin/bash
it21:x:1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it22:x:1023:1023::/home/it22:/bin/bash
it23:x:1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it24:x:1025:1025::/home/it24:/bin/bash
it25:x:1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it26:x:1027:1027::/home/it26:/bin/bash
it27:x:1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it28:x:1029:1029::/home/it28:/bin/bash
it29:x:1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it30:x:1031:1031::/home/it30:/bin/bash
it31:x:1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it32:x:1033:1033::/home/it32:/bin/bash
it33:x:1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it34:x:1035:1035::/home/it34:/bin/bash
it35:x:1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it36:x:1037:1037::/home/it36:/bin/bash
it37:x:1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it38:x:1039:1039::/home/it38:/bin/bash
it39:x:1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it40:x:1041:1041::/home/it40:/bin/bash
it41:x:1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it42:x:1043:1043::/home/it42:/bin/bash
it43:x:1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it44:x:1045:1045::/home/it44:/bin/bash
it45:x:1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it46:x:1047:1047::/home/it46:/bin/bash
it47:x:1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it48:x:1049:1049::/home/it48:/bin/bash
it49:x:1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it50:x:1051:1051::/home/it50:/bin/bash
it51:x:1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it52:x:1053:1053::/home/it52:/bin/bash
it53:x:1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it54:x:1055:1055::/home/it54:/bin/bash
it55:x:1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it56:x:1057:1057::/home/it56:/bin/bash
it57:x:1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it58:x:1059:1059::/home/it58:/bin/bash
it59:x:1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it60:x:1061:1061::/home/it60:/bin/bash
it61:x:1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it62:x:1063:1063::/home/it62:/bin/bash
it63:x:1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it64:x:1065:1065::/home/it64:/bin/bash
it65:x:1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it66:x:1067:1067::/home/it66:/bin/bash
it67:x:1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it68:x:1069:1069::/home/it68:/bin/bash
it69:x:1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it70:x:1071:1071::/home/it70:/bin/bash
it71:x:1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it72:x:1073:1073::/home/it72:/bin/bash
it73:x:1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it74:x:1075:1075::/home/it74:/bin/bash
it75:x:1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it76:x:1077:1077::/home/it76:/bin/bash
it77:x:1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it78:x:1079:1079::/home/it78:/bin/bash
it79:x:1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it80:x:1081:1081::/home/it80:/bin/bash
it81:x:1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it82:x:1083:1083::/home/it82:/bin/bash
it83:x:1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it84:x:1085:1085::/home/it84:/bin/bash
it85:x:1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it86:x:1087:1087::/home/it86:/bin/bash
it87:x:1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it88:x:1089:1089::/home/it88:/bin/bash
it89:x:1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it90:x:1091:1091::/home/it90:/bin/bash
it91:x:1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it92:x:1093:1093::/home/it92:/bin/bash
it93:x:1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it94:x:1095:1095::/home/it94:/bin/bash
it95:x:1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it96:x:1097:1097::/home/it96:/bin/bash
it97:x:1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it98:x:1099:1099::/home/it98:/bin/bash
it99:x:1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
it100:x:1101:1101::/home/it100:/bin/bash
apache:x:48:48:Apache:/usr/share/httpd:/sbin/nologin
oldboy01:x:1102:1103::/home/oldboy01:/bin/bash
oldboy02:x:1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy03:x:1104:1105::/home/oldboy03:/bin/bash
oldboy04:x:1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy05:x:1106:1107::/home/oldboy05:/bin/bash
oldboy06:x:1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy07:x:1108:1109::/home/oldboy07:/bin/bash
oldboy08:x:1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy09:x:1110:1111::/home/oldboy09:/bin/bash
oldboy10:x:1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash
[root@master ~]# awk /it01/ /etc/passwd
[root@master ~]# awk ^C
[root@master ~]# awk -F: '{print $1}' /etc/passwd
root
bin
daemon
adm
lp
sync
shutdown
halt
mail
operator
games
ftp
nobody
avahi-autoipd
dbus
polkitd
tss
postfix
sshd
wang
systemd-network
it101
it1
it2
it3
it4
it5
it6
it7
it8
it9
it10
it11
it12
it13
it14
it15
it16
it17
it18
it19
it20
it21
it22
it23
it24
it25
it26
it27
it28
it29
it30
it31
it32
it33
it34
it35
it36
it37
it38
it39
it40
it41
it42
it43
it44
it45
it46
it47
it48
it49
it50
it51
it52
it53
it54
it55
it56
it57
it58
it59
it60
it61
it62
it63
it64
it65
it66
it67
it68
it69
it70
it71
it72
it73
it74
it75
it76
it77
it78
it79
it80
it81
it82
it83
it84
it85
it86
it87
it88
it89
it90
it91
it92
it93
it94
it95
it96
it97
it98
it99
it100
apache
oldboy01
oldboy02
oldboy03
oldboy04
oldboy05
oldboy06
oldboy07
oldboy08
oldboy09
oldboy10

6 权限 551代表啥如何设置权限？

第一位代表属主有读（4）、执行（1）权限
第二位代表同组用户有读（4）、执行（1）权限
第三位代表其他用户只有执行（1）权限

chmod 551 文件名

7 权限 644代表啥如何设置权限？

第一位代表属主有读 写权限
第二位代表同组用户有读权限
第三位代表其他用户有读权限

chmod 644 文件名

8 自己新建root.txt文件给属主为it 属租root 实战演示下

touch root.txt

chown it:root root.txt

9 面试题谈谈系统开机流程说下

1 加电自检
检查硬件是否ok
2 MBR引导
引导系统启动读取磁盘记录
3grup菜单
选择启动内核
4加载内核信息
5系统的进程运行起来
systemd
6读取系统启动文件
/etc/systemd/system/default.target

[root@master ~]# cat /etc/systemd/system/default.target
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=Multi-User System
Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
Requires=basic.target
Conflicts=rescue.service rescue.target
After=basic.target rescue.service rescue.target
AllowIsolate=yes




7系统初始化文件
/usr/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target


[root@master ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/sysinit.target
#  This file is part of systemd.
#
#  systemd is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
#  under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as published by
#  the Free Software Foundation; either version 2.1 of the License, or
#  (at your option) any later version.

[Unit]
Description=System Initialization
Documentation=man:systemd.special(7)
Conflicts=emergency.service emergency.target
Wants=local-fs.target swap.target
After=local-fs.target swap.target emergency.service emergency.target



8服务开机自动启动
/etc/systemd/system

9 运行一个mingetty进程






大致流程

硬件启动
引导阶段
内核系统
系统初始化文件

小结

awk核心功能
日志处理
数据过滤
数据统计
取列

语法：
awk 参数 动作 文件
sed 参数 条件 文件



= 赋值
== 等于



按照行号查询


需求1：取第二行

sed  -n 2p awk
awk 'NR==2' awk

需求2：取1-3行信息
sed -n 1,3p awk
awk 'NR=1,NR=3' awk






第二种：按照字符查询
取出某个字符的数据

awk /Gege/ awk 

[root@master ~]# awk /Gege/ awk
    Zi        Gege                1986787350        :250:168:200




第三种：取列信息
awk '{print $1}' awk







-F  分隔符

需求：只取出某个字符
awk -F: '{print $1}' awk  

取姓名列 然后 取捐款金额 

awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $1}' awk



[root@master ~]# cat awk
   Zhang        Dandan                41117397        :250:100:175
    Zhang        Xiaoyu                390320151        :155:90:201
    Meng        Feixue                80042789        :250:60:50
    Wu        Waiwai                70271111        :250:80:75
    Liu        Bingbing        41117483        :250:100:175
    Wang        Xiaoai                3515064655        :50:95:135
    Zi        Gege                1986787350        :250:168:200
    Li        Youjiu                918391635        :175:75:300
    Lao        Nanhai                918391635        :250:100:175
[root@master ~]# awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $3}' awk
Dandan
Xiaoyu
Feixue
Waiwai
Bingbing
Xiaoai
Gege
Youjiu
Nanhai
[root@master ~]# awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $3,$5}' awk
Dandan 250
Xiaoyu 155
Feixue 250
Waiwai 250
Bingbing 250
Xiaoai 50
Gege 250
Youjiu 175
Nanhai 250



命令注解

awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $3,$5}' awk

"[ ：]+" 匹配一个或多个空格或冒号

笔试题

取出进程号和端口号： 写出命令





work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403
work   16067     /data/svr/redis/bin/redis-server*:6403



awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $2,$4}'



[root@master ~]# cat redis |awk -F "[ :]+" '{print $2,$4}'
16067 6403
16067 6403
16067 6403
16067 6403



查找所有包含'bash' 的行

awk '/bash/' /etc/passwd

[root@master ~]# awk '/bash/' /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
wang:x:1000:1000:wang:/home/wang:/bin/bash
it101:x:1001:1001::/home/it101:/bin/bash
it1:x:1002:1002::/home/it1:/bin/bash
it2:x:1003:1003::/home/it2:/bin/bash
it3:x:1004:1004::/home/it3:/bin/bash
it4:x:1005:1005::/home/it4:/bin/bash
it5:x:1006:1006::/home/it5:/bin/bash
it6:x:1007:1007::/home/it6:/bin/bash
it7:x:1008:1008::/home/it7:/bin/bash
it8:x:1009:1009::/home/it8:/bin/bash
it9:x:1010:1010::/home/it9:/bin/bash
it10:x:1011:1011::/home/it10:/bin/bash
it11:x:1012:1012::/home/it11:/bin/bash
it12:x:1013:1013::/home/it12:/bin/bash
it13:x:1014:1014::/home/it13:/bin/bash
it14:x:1015:1015::/home/it14:/bin/bash
it15:x:1016:1016::/home/it15:/bin/bash
it16:x:1017:1017::/home/it16:/bin/bash
it17:x:1018:1018::/home/it17:/bin/bash
it18:x:1019:1019::/home/it18:/bin/bash
it19:x:1020:1020::/home/it19:/bin/bash
it20:x:1021:1021::/home/it20:/bin/bash
it21:x:1022:1022::/home/it21:/bin/bash
it22:x:1023:1023::/home/it22:/bin/bash
it23:x:1024:1024::/home/it23:/bin/bash
it24:x:1025:1025::/home/it24:/bin/bash
it25:x:1026:1026::/home/it25:/bin/bash
it26:x:1027:1027::/home/it26:/bin/bash
it27:x:1028:1028::/home/it27:/bin/bash
it28:x:1029:1029::/home/it28:/bin/bash
it29:x:1030:1030::/home/it29:/bin/bash
it30:x:1031:1031::/home/it30:/bin/bash
it31:x:1032:1032::/home/it31:/bin/bash
it32:x:1033:1033::/home/it32:/bin/bash
it33:x:1034:1034::/home/it33:/bin/bash
it34:x:1035:1035::/home/it34:/bin/bash
it35:x:1036:1036::/home/it35:/bin/bash
it36:x:1037:1037::/home/it36:/bin/bash
it37:x:1038:1038::/home/it37:/bin/bash
it38:x:1039:1039::/home/it38:/bin/bash
it39:x:1040:1040::/home/it39:/bin/bash
it40:x:1041:1041::/home/it40:/bin/bash
it41:x:1042:1042::/home/it41:/bin/bash
it42:x:1043:1043::/home/it42:/bin/bash
it43:x:1044:1044::/home/it43:/bin/bash
it44:x:1045:1045::/home/it44:/bin/bash
it45:x:1046:1046::/home/it45:/bin/bash
it46:x:1047:1047::/home/it46:/bin/bash
it47:x:1048:1048::/home/it47:/bin/bash
it48:x:1049:1049::/home/it48:/bin/bash
it49:x:1050:1050::/home/it49:/bin/bash
it50:x:1051:1051::/home/it50:/bin/bash
it51:x:1052:1052::/home/it51:/bin/bash
it52:x:1053:1053::/home/it52:/bin/bash
it53:x:1054:1054::/home/it53:/bin/bash
it54:x:1055:1055::/home/it54:/bin/bash
it55:x:1056:1056::/home/it55:/bin/bash
it56:x:1057:1057::/home/it56:/bin/bash
it57:x:1058:1058::/home/it57:/bin/bash
it58:x:1059:1059::/home/it58:/bin/bash
it59:x:1060:1060::/home/it59:/bin/bash
it60:x:1061:1061::/home/it60:/bin/bash
it61:x:1062:1062::/home/it61:/bin/bash
it62:x:1063:1063::/home/it62:/bin/bash
it63:x:1064:1064::/home/it63:/bin/bash
it64:x:1065:1065::/home/it64:/bin/bash
it65:x:1066:1066::/home/it65:/bin/bash
it66:x:1067:1067::/home/it66:/bin/bash
it67:x:1068:1068::/home/it67:/bin/bash
it68:x:1069:1069::/home/it68:/bin/bash
it69:x:1070:1070::/home/it69:/bin/bash
it70:x:1071:1071::/home/it70:/bin/bash
it71:x:1072:1072::/home/it71:/bin/bash
it72:x:1073:1073::/home/it72:/bin/bash
it73:x:1074:1074::/home/it73:/bin/bash
it74:x:1075:1075::/home/it74:/bin/bash
it75:x:1076:1076::/home/it75:/bin/bash
it76:x:1077:1077::/home/it76:/bin/bash
it77:x:1078:1078::/home/it77:/bin/bash
it78:x:1079:1079::/home/it78:/bin/bash
it79:x:1080:1080::/home/it79:/bin/bash
it80:x:1081:1081::/home/it80:/bin/bash
it81:x:1082:1082::/home/it81:/bin/bash
it82:x:1083:1083::/home/it82:/bin/bash
it83:x:1084:1084::/home/it83:/bin/bash
it84:x:1085:1085::/home/it84:/bin/bash
it85:x:1086:1086::/home/it85:/bin/bash
it86:x:1087:1087::/home/it86:/bin/bash
it87:x:1088:1088::/home/it87:/bin/bash
it88:x:1089:1089::/home/it88:/bin/bash
it89:x:1090:1090::/home/it89:/bin/bash
it90:x:1091:1091::/home/it90:/bin/bash
it91:x:1092:1092::/home/it91:/bin/bash
it92:x:1093:1093::/home/it92:/bin/bash
it93:x:1094:1094::/home/it93:/bin/bash
it94:x:1095:1095::/home/it94:/bin/bash
it95:x:1096:1096::/home/it95:/bin/bash
it96:x:1097:1097::/home/it96:/bin/bash
it97:x:1098:1098::/home/it97:/bin/bash
it98:x:1099:1099::/home/it98:/bin/bash
it99:x:1100:1100::/home/it99:/bin/bash
it100:x:1101:1101::/home/it100:/bin/bash
oldboy01:x:1102:1103::/home/oldboy01:/bin/bash
oldboy02:x:1103:1104::/home/oldboy02:/bin/bash
oldboy03:x:1104:1105::/home/oldboy03:/bin/bash
oldboy04:x:1105:1106::/home/oldboy04:/bin/bash
oldboy05:x:1106:1107::/home/oldboy05:/bin/bash
oldboy06:x:1107:1108::/home/oldboy06:/bin/bash
oldboy07:x:1108:1109::/home/oldboy07:/bin/bash
oldboy08:x:1109:1110::/home/oldboy08:/bin/bash
oldboy09:x:1110:1111::/home/oldboy09:/bin/bash
oldboy10:x:1111:1112::/home/oldboy10:/bin/bash



用 ':' 作为分隔符，查找第三段等于0的行

awk ’$3==0' awk

awk -F : '{print $3}' awk

[root@master ~]# awk -F : '{print $3}' awk
100
90
60
80
100
95
168
75
100





用':' 作为分隔符，查找第一段为‘root’的行，并把该段的‘root’换成‘toor’ 可以联合sed一起使用


awk -F: '$1=="root"' awk |sed s/root/toor/g
awk '$1=="root"' awk | sed s/root/toor/g



[root@master ~]# awk '$1=="root"' awk
    root        Xiaoai                3515064655        :50:95:135
    root        Youjiu                918391635        :175:75:300
[root@master ~]# awk '$1=="root"' awk |sed s/root/toor/g
    toor        Xiaoai                3515064655        :50:95:135
    toor        Youjiu                918391635        :175:75:300








用':' 作为分隔符，打印最后一段


[root@master ~]# awk -F ":" '{print $NF}' awk
175
201
50
75
175
135
200
300
175

用户管理部分

管理用户 root 权限很大
  虚拟用户 nobody 管理进程
  普通用户  it  权力有限
  
  
  
  [root@master ~]# ll
total 13436
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 10.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 11.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 12.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 13.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 14.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 15.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 16.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 17.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 18.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 19.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 1.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 05:07 2
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 20.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      293 Mar 11 05:07 2.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 3.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 4.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 5.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 6.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 7.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 8.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 03:04 9.log
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar 11 02:54 acclog.log
-rw-------. 1 root root     1318 Feb 29 23:58 anaconda-ks.cfg
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      589 Mar 12 05:17 awk
-rw-r--r--  1 root root     2006 Dec  1  2016 CentOS6-Base-163.repo
drwxr-xr-x  2 root root        6 Mar 11 02:40 data
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      205 Mar 11 02:13 data-20240208.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      205 Mar 11 02:16 data-20240209.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      165 Mar 12 05:15 file
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar  8 05:11 hosts
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      313 Mar 11 03:05 log.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      128 Mar  9 20:48 motd
-rw-r--r--  1 root root     2537 Mar  1 04:25 nwq1.6.sh
-rw-r--r--  1 root root        0 Mar  9 20:51 profile
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      224 Mar 12 04:50 redis
-rw-r--r--  1 root root 11394981 Mar 11 02:20 services
-rw-r--r--  1 root root  2312172 Mar 11 02:21 services.tar.gz
-rw-r--r--  1 root root      339 Mar 11 02:37 test.tar.gz
lrwxrwxrwx  1 root root       14 Mar 10 00:30 test.txt -> /data/test.txt



r 读取  4
w 写入 2
x 执行 1