轴对轴的轴线间同轴度公差要求， 是指被测要素与基准要素均为外圆表面轴线， 其检测时均以其外圆表面体现基准要素和被测要素。
当图样上给出以公共轴线作为基准时， 其误差检测必须
用测量装置体现出公共基准轴线， 依此来评定其同轴度误差。
轴线的同轴度公差带是直径为公差值 øt 的圆柱面内的区域，该圆柱的轴线与基准轴线同轴；
例子：大圆柱面的轴线必须位于直径为公差值ø0.08 且与公共基准线A-B（公共基准轴线）同轴的圆柱面内
$$ NET_DMIS_20160720
$$ MADE IN DE 2023-2-23 9:25:24
INCLUD/DMIS,'NET_DMIS_DEFINES.DMI'
INCLUD/DMIS,'VARDEFINE'
DMESW/COMAND,'PROBE_VAL/INIT'
UNITS/MM,ANGDEC
D(MACHINE)=DATSET/MCS
DMESW/COMAND,'COORDSYS/ALIGN'
WKPLAN/XYPLAN
PRCOMP/ON
PRCOMP/ON
FEDRAT/POSVEL,MMPS,300.0000
ACLRAT/POSACL,MMPSS,100.0000
FEDRAT/MESVEL,MMPS,20.0000
ACLRAT/MESACL,MMPSS,100.0000
SNSET/RETRCT,1.0000
SNSET/SEARCH,5.0000
SNSET/APPRCH,1.0000
DMESW/COMAND,'SNSET/MANRETRCT,1.0000'
DMESW/COMAND,'REPORT/CLEAR'
MODE/MAN
DID(D2L40)=DEVICE/STOR,'D2L40'
OPEN/DID(D2L40),SNS
S(A0B0)=SNSDEF/PROBE,INDEX,POL,0.0,0.0,0.0000,0.0000,1.0000,189.6500,2.0000
SNSLCT/SA(A0B0)
DMESW/COMAND,'SNSET/MANRETRCT,1.0000'
F(圆柱1)=FEAT/CYLNDR,OUTER,CART,-1.0000,0,0,-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,-20.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CYLINDER_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆柱1),CYLNDR,CART,OUTER,LSTSQR,0,0,0,-1.00000000,$
0,0,25.0000,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,10.0000,"",FALSE,FALSE,0,0.81382604,0.58110858,-180.0000,180.0000,1.0000,$
2.0000,3,2,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,XYPLAN,"",'9,-20.00000000,0,0,0,0,3.0000,0,0,0.0000',"EXT2","EXT3",ENDCAL
F(圆柱2)=FEAT/CYLNDR,OUTER,CART,129.0000,0,0,-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,20.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CYLINDER_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆柱2),CYLNDR,CART,OUTER,LSTSQR,130.0000,0,$
0,-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,10.0000,"",FALSE,FALSE,0,0.81382604,0.58110858,-180.0000,$
180.0000,1.0000,2.0000,3,2,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,XYPLAN,"",'9,20.00000000,0,0,0,0,3.0000,0,0,0.0000',"EXT2",$
"EXT3",ENDCAL
F(平面1)=FEAT/PLANE,CART,0,1.7864,1.9108,-1.00000000,0,0
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_PLANEPOINTS_1006),AUTOFIGURE,F(平面1),PLANE,CART,LSTSQR,0,1.7864,1.9108,$
-1.00000000,0,0,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,10.0000,"",FALSE,FALSE,POINTS,'3,0,-3.2699,7.5222,-1.00000000,0,0,0,$
6.1567,4.9385,-1.00000000,0,0,0,2.4723,-6.7283,-1.00000000,0,0',TOUCH,0.3000,XYPLAN
F(直线1)=FEAT/LINE,UNBND,CART,18.0000,0,0,1.00000000,0,0,0,1.00000000,0
CONST/LINE,F(直线1),BF,FA(圆柱1),FA(圆柱2)
F(点1)=FEAT/POINT,CART,0,0,0,-1.00000000,0,0
CONST/POINT,F(点1),PIERCE,FA(直线1),FA(平面1)
DATDEF/F(直线1),DAT(A_直线1)
D(坐标系1_S)=DATSET/DAT(A_直线1),XDIR
D(坐标系1_T)=TRANS/YORIG,FA(直线1),ZORIG,FA(直线1)
D(坐标系1_T)=TRANS/XORIG,FA(点1)
DMESW/COMAND,'COORDSYS/CAD=PART'
SAVE/DA(坐标系1)
MODE/AUTO,PROG,MAN
DMESW/COMAND,'CLEARP/ZDIR,35.0000,ZDIR,35.0000,ON'
F(圆柱3)=FEAT/CYLNDR,OUTER,CART,16.0000,0,0,-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,17.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CYLINDER_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆柱3),CYLNDR,CART,OUTER,LSTSQR,18.0000,0,0,$
-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-3.0000,"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,1.00000000,0,0,180.0000,2.0000,2.0000,$
4,2,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,XYPLAN,"",'9,17.00000000,1,0,0,0,3.0000,0,0,0.0000',"EXT2","EXT3",ENDCAL
F(圆柱4)=FEAT/CYLNDR,OUTER,CART,114.0000,0,0,1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,17.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CYLINDER_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆柱4),CYLNDR,CART,OUTER,LSTSQR,112.0000,0,$
0,1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-16.0000,"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,1.00000000,0,-180.0000,0,2.0000,$
2.0000,4,2,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,XYPLAN,"",'9,17.00000000,1,0,0,0,3.0000,0,0,0.0000',"EXT2","EXT3",ENDCAL
F(直线2)=FEAT/LINE,UNBND,CART,16.0000,0,0,1.00000000,0,0,0,1.00000000,0
CONST/LINE,F(直线2),BF,FA(圆柱3),FA(圆柱4)
F(圆柱5)=FEAT/CYLNDR,OUTER,CART,78.0000,0,0,-1.00000000,0,0,50.0000,10.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CYLINDER_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆柱5),CYLNDR,CART,OUTER,LSTSQR,80.0000,0,0,$
-1.00000000,0,0,50.0000,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-9.0000,"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,1.00000000,0,-180.0000,0,2.0000,2.0000,$
4,2,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,XYPLAN,"",'9,10.00000000,0,0,0,0,3.0000,0,0,0.0000',"EXT2","EXT3",ENDCAL
T(同轴度1)=TOL/CONCEN,0.0500,FA(直线2)
DMESW/COMAND,'OUTPUT/UNIT,DIMENSION/MM'
OUTPUT/FA(圆柱5),TA(同轴度1)
公共轴线法 评价短基准长距离的问题：
如下图所示，以左侧孔为A基准评价右侧孔同轴度，假设A孔圆柱的两个截面圆中心偏差为0.001mm，则延伸到右侧空时测量误差会放大到0.001X500/10=0.05mm，从而使同轴度误差增加0.05X2=0.10mm;
• 在左右侧各测量两层圆，再将这4个圆的圆心构造一条3D直线,作为公共轴线，然后分别计算基准圆柱和被测圆柱对公共轴线的同轴度，取其最大值作为该零件的同轴度。这条公共轴线近似于一个模拟心轴，这种方法接近零件的实际装配过程。
MODE/AUTO,PROG,MAN
DMESW/COMAND,'CLEARP/ZDIR,35.0000,ZDIR,35.0000,ON'
F(圆1)=FEAT/CIRCLE,OUTER,CART,0,0,0,-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CIRCLE_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆1),CIRCLE,OUTER,CART,LSTSQR,0,0,0,-1.00000000,$
0,0,25.0000,0,-1.00000000,0,6,-4.0000,0,0,0,0,180.0000,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,0,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-9.0000,$
"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,FA(VECBLD),10.0000,2.5000,3,XYPLAN,"",'7,0,0,0,0,3.0000,0,10','0,1,0,5.0000',"EXT3",$
ENDCAL
F(圆2)=FEAT/CIRCLE,OUTER,CART,0,0,0,-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CIRCLE_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆2),CIRCLE,OUTER,CART,LSTSQR,0,0,0,-1.00000000,$
0,0,25.0000,0,-1.00000000,0,6,-17.0000,0,0,0,0,180.0000,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,0,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-18.0000,$
"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,FA(VECBLD),10.0000,2.5000,3,XYPLAN,"",'7,0,0,0,0,3.0000,0,10','0,1,0,5.0000',"EXT3",$
ENDCAL
F(圆3)=FEAT/CIRCLE,OUTER,CART,130.0000,0,0,1.00000000,0,0,25.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CIRCLE_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆3),CIRCLE,OUTER,CART,LSTSQR,130.0000,0,0,1.00000000,$
0,0,25.0000,0,-1.00000000,0,6,-17.0000,0,0,0,0,180.0000,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,0,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-18.0000,$
"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,FA(VECBLD),10.0000,2.5000,3,XYPLAN,"",'7,1,0,0,0,3.0000,0,10','0,1,0,5.0000',"EXT3",$
ENDCAL
F(圆4)=FEAT/CIRCLE,OUTER,CART,130.0000,0,0,1.00000000,0,0,25.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CIRCLE_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆4),CIRCLE,OUTER,CART,LSTSQR,130.0000,0,0,1.00000000,$
0,0,25.0000,0,-1.00000000,0,6,-3.0000,0,0,0,0,180.0000,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,0,FALSE,FALSE,FALSE,-18.0000,$
"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,FA(VECBLD),10.0000,2.5000,3,XYPLAN,"",'7,1,0,0,0,3.0000,0,10','0,1,0,5.0000',"EXT3",$
ENDCAL
F(直线2)=FEAT/LINE,UNBND,CART,4.0000,0,0,1.00000000,0,0,0,1.00000000,0
CONST/LINE,F(直线2),BF,FA(圆1),FA(圆2),FA(圆3),FA(圆4)
F(圆柱3)=FEAT/CYLNDR,OUTER,CART,22.0000,0,0,1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,-20.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CYLINDER_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆柱3),CYLNDR,CART,OUTER,LSTSQR,20.0000,0,0,$
1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-18.0000,"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,1.00000000,0,-180.0000,0,2.0000,2.0000,$
6,2,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,XYPLAN,"",'9,-20.00000000,1,0,0,0,3.0000,0,0,0.0000',"EXT2","EXT3",ENDCAL
F(圆柱4)=FEAT/CYLNDR,OUTER,CART,108.0000,0,0,-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,-20.0000
CALL/EXTERN,DMIS,M(NETDMIS_AUTO_CYLINDER_1007),AUTOFIGURE,F(圆柱4),CYLNDR,CART,OUTER,LSTSQR,110.0000,0,$
0,-1.00000000,0,0,25.0000,FALSE,TRUE,FALSE,-18.0000,"CUR",TRUE,FALSE,0,0.81382604,0.58110858,-180.0000,$
0,2.0000,2.0000,6,2,TOUCH,CIRCLE,0.3000,XYPLAN,"",'9,-20.00000000,0,0,0,0,3.0000,0,0,0.0000',"EXT2","EXT3",$
ENDCAL
T(同轴度1)=TOL/CONCEN,0.0500,FA(直线2)
DMESW/COMAND,'OUTPUT/UNIT,DIMENSION/MM'
OUTPUT/FA(圆柱3),TA(同轴度1)
T(同轴度2)=TOL/CONCEN,0.0500,FA(直线2)
DMESW/COMAND,'OUTPUT/UNIT,DIMENSION/MM'
OUTPUT/FA(圆柱4),TA(同轴度2)
DECL/DOUBLE,V1
V1=ASSIGN/MX(同轴度1·MEAS,同轴度2·MEAS)
DMESW/COMAND,'OUTPUT/UNIT,DIMENSION/MM'
DMESW/COMAND,'OUTPUT/KEYIN-TOL,构造公差1,V1,0.0,0.0,0.05,11,0,0,0,0'
如上图所示，当被检测零件的基准轴线长度较长并且基准轴线与被测轴线距离较近时，如果用标准测杆（长度为20mm）测量基准轴线，则第1截面和最后截面的距离肯定小于20 mm，这样到被测轴线时测量误差已经放大10倍以上，测量结果当然难以置信。因此，测量这类零件时，应加大基准轴线首尾2个截面之间的距离，由此减小由于基准轴线偏离而引起的误差。实际操作中，首先选用适当的加长杆使之测量长度足够大，其次选用合适的测头组件，如大的测球或星形测头，以便在测量过程中测杆与工件不发生干涉。
很多深孔圆柱度的测量结果较实际值偏小,把不合格品计为合格。其原因主要是测头组件配置过短,测量深度不够,以至不能发现圆孔锥度问题。
解决方法:
1)给测头配上适当的加长杆,使其能够到达深孔底部;
2)将标准的球形测杆换成星形测头或盘形测头,使其在测量过程中不至于发生误触发;
3)设置好三坐标测量机的探测距离和回退距离等参数,使其在测量直径较小的孔时不至于撞上圆柱侧壁。
