文章目录

  • Ansible varialbes
  • 1.用vars_file定义变量
  • 2.在inventory主机清单中定义变量?
  • 通过单个主机或主机组定义变量
  • 通过外置传参定义变量? -e
  • 变量注册
  • facts变量


Ansible varialbes

1.什么是变量?

以一个固定的字符串,表示一个不固定的值 version: 1.12

2.定义变量?

  • 在playbook中定义变量?
  • vars 关键字

3.查看变量

#查看变量
[root@manage project]# ansible webservers -m setup -i hosts
#可以将变量重定向到1.txt中然后搜索
[root@manager project1]# cat vars_file.yml 
file_naem: 123

[root@manager project1]# cat f2.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  vars:
    - file_name: playbook_vars

  tasks:
    - name: Create New File
      file:
        path: /tmp/{{ file_name }}
        state: touch
        
  [root@manage project]# ansible-playbook f2.yml -i hosts
  • vars_file 属于一种共享的方式

1.用vars_file定义变量

[root@manager project1]# cat vars_file.yml (名字随意起,但起一个和playbook相对应的)
web_packages: httpd
ftp_packages: vsftpd

[root@manager project1]# cat f2.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  vars:
    - file_name: playbook_vars

 #调用共享vars_file文件,只不过刚好文件名叫vars_file
  vars_files: ./vars_file.yml

  tasks:
    - name: Create New File
      file:
        path: /tmp/{{ file_name }}
        state: touch

    - name: Installed Packages {{ web_packages }}
      yum:
        name: "{{ web_packages }}"
        state: present

2.在inventory主机清单中定义变量?

  • 1.清单文件中直接定义 hosts文件定义–
[webservers]
172.16.1.7
172.16.1.8 
[webservers:vars]
file_name=hostsfile_group_vars

通过单个主机或主机组定义变量

创建host_vars group_vars 目录

[root@manager project1]# mkdir host_vars	#单个主机
[root@manager project1]# mkdir group_vars	#主机组


#1.单个主机定义和使用方式 (host_vars能分别对不同的主机定义变量)
[root@manager project1]# cat host_vars/172.16.1.7 
host_vars_name: 172.16.1.7

[root@manager project1]# cat host_vars/172.16.1.8 
host_vars_name: 172.16.1.8

[root@manager project1]# cat f4.yml 
- hosts: webservers

  tasks:
    - name: Create New File
      file:
        path: /opt/{{ host_vars_name }}
        state: touch
[root@manager project1]#  ansible-playbook -i hosts f4.yml
针对主机组定义的方式 

#给指定的webserver组设定变量.其他组主机无法使用该变量
[root@manager project1]# cat group_vars/webservers 
group_host_vars: webservers

[root@manager project1]# cat f5.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Create New File {{ group_host_vars }}
      file:
        path:  /opt/{{ group_host_vars }}
        state: touch
[root@manager project1]#  ansible-playbook -i hosts f5.yml

### 3.针对主机组定义的方式  (给所有的主机和主机组设定变量)
[root@manager project1]# cat group_vars/all 
group_host_vars: all

[root@manager project1]# cat f5.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Create New File {{ group_host_vars }}
      file:
        path:  /opt/{{ group_host_vars }}
        state: touch

通过外置传参定义变量? -e

[root@manage project]# cat f6.yml 
- hosts: webservers

  tasks:
    - name: Create New File {{ web_vars }}
      file:
        path: /tmp/{{ web_vars }}
        state: touch

[root@manager project1]# ansible-playbook -i hosts f6.yml  -e "web_vars=123"

3.变量冲突,优先级?

定义相同的变量不同的值,来测试变量的优先级。操作步骤如下   file_name:
  1)在plabook中定义vars变量
  2)在playbook中定义vars_files变量
  3)在inventory主机定义变量
  4)在inventory主机组定义变量
  5)在host_vars中定义变量
  6)在group_vars中定义变量  组      all组
  7)通过执行命令传递变量
 
 
优先级测试:
外置传入参数优先级最高 ---> playbook ( vars_files(共享)--->vars(私有) )  
---> host_vars  --> group_vars/group_name ---> group_vars/all

变量注册

[root@manager project1]# cat f8.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
        # System_Status=$(netstat -lntp)
    - name: Get Network Status
      shell: netstat -lntp | grep "nginx"
      register: System_Status

        # echo "$System_Status"
    - name: Debug output Variables
      debug:
        msg: "{{ System_Status.stdout_lines }}"

facts变量

#0.怎么查看facts变量(要注意它的目录包含级别)
[root@manage project]# ansible localhost -m setup -i hosts
例如:
#1.根据主机的cpu信息,生成不同的配置.
	A: 1核心    work_process 1;
	B: 2核心    work_process 2;
	
[root@manage project]# cat f10.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:

    - name: Configure Nginx.conf
      #template和copy的功能相同,但是template会解析变量
      template:
        src: ./file/nginx.conf.j2
        dest: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
        #此处修改/etc/nginx/nginx.conf下
 [root@manage project]# vim file/nginx.conf.j2
  worker_processes  {{ ansible_processor_vcpus }};

#2.根据主机名称设定不同配置文件
	zabbix_agent
		Server:   ===> 指向172.16.1.61
		Hostname:      web01   web02

[root@manager project1]# cat ./file/zabbix_agent.conf.j2 
Server={{ zabbix_server_ip }}
ServerActive={{ zabbix_server_ip }}
Hostname={{ ansible_hostname }}

[root@manager project1]# cat f11.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  vars:
    - zabbix_server_ip: 172.16.1.61
  tasks:
    - name: Configure zabbix-agent.conf
      template:
        src: ./file/zabbix_agent.conf.j2
        dest: /tmp/zabbix-agent.conf
        
        
#3.根据主机的内存生成不同的配置文件,memcached
[root@manager project1]# cat f12.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Installed Memcached Server
      yum:
        name: memcached
        state: present

    - name: Configure Memcached Server
      template:
        src: ./file/memcached.j2
        dest: /etc/sysconfig/memcached
      notify: Restart Memcached Server

    - name: System Memcached Server
      systemd:
        name: memcached
        state: started
        enabled: yes

  handlers:
    - name: Restart Memcached Server
      systemd:
        name: memcached
        state: restarted

[root@manager project1]# cat file/memcached.j2 
PORT="11211"
USER="memcached"
MAXCONN="1024"
CACHESIZE="{{ ansible_memtotal_mb //2 }}"
OPTIONS=""

#4.根据操作系统的区别安装软件(用when判断)
[root@manage project]# cat f13.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: Centos Installed Httpd Server
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present
      when: ( ansible_distribution == "CentOS" )

    - name: Ubuntu Installed Httpd Server
      yum:
        name: httpd
        state: present
      when: ( ansible_distribution == "Ubuntu" )
[root@manage project]# ansible-playbook f13.yml -ihosts



1.根据cpu
2.根据内存
3.根据主机名
4.Redis配置文件     bind本地地址
5.操作系统不统一

		变量可以进行运算  + - * // 
		
		
		
		
#1.定义变量
	playbook
		vars			私有
		vars_files		共享
	inventory
		host_vars	
		group_vars
			group_vars/group_name
			group_vars/all
	外置传参
		-e
#2.测试优先级
	在不改变playbook变量的情况下,使用新的值测试.

#3.变量注册register
	1.将任务执行的结果存储至特定的变量中
	2.可以使用debug模块将变量进行打印输出
	
	python: 字典
	json 格式化数据
	{
        k1: v1
        k2: v2
	}
#4.facts 
[root@manager project1]# cat f13.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:
    - name: RANDOM
      shell:  echo "$RANDOM"
      register: System_SJ

    - name: Debug 
      debug:
        msg: "web_{{ System_SJ.stdout }}"

#1.提取facts变量中的IP地址   mac地址  UUID 等等  只要唯一
	ansible_default_ipv4.address
[root@manager project1]# cat f14.yml 
- hosts: webservers
  tasks:

    - name: Debug 
      debug:
        msg: "web_{{ ansible_default_ipv4.address }}"