ospf 3，4和5类LSA介绍

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qq5ea97e5ed12c0 2020-05-31 00:14:38 博主文章分类：OSPF ©著作权

文章标签 ospf 3类 ospf 4类 ospf 5类 ospf lsdb 文章分类 网络安全

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ospf 3，4和5类LSA介绍

3类LSA 作用：表示不同区域之间的路由信息特点：只有ABR产生只能在同一个区域内部传输传输过程中每经过一个ABR Advrouter产品信息路由就会变化一次变化了也就不是同一个LSA了

4类LSA 作用：在不同区域之间传递ASBR的身份信息特点：只有与ASBR在同一个区域的ABR可以产生只能在同一个区域内传输传输的过程中，每经过一个ABR，advrouter信息都会变化一次 4类是为5类服务的因为5类不会变化其他路由不知道是谁，四类就是告诉其他路由这个路由的位置 5类LSA 作用：表示ospf的外部路由信息特点：只有ASBR可以产生可以传输到ospf网络的任何地方在传输的过程中没有任何的变化，因为没有变化所以其他路由不认识这个信息需要四类信息告诉其他的路由这个路由在什么位置

3 案例3：熟悉3类LSA数据库 3.1 问题如图配置设备 IP 和OSPF 分析区域0和区域56中的3类LSA 3.2 方案搭建实验环境，如图-3所示。

图-3

3.3 步骤实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

1）配置IP地址，设置OSPF区域

<Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.12.1 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 [R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.12.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.23.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 [R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit [R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.23.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.34.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 [R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R4 [R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.34.4 24 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.4 24 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 [R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 [R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 [R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R5 [R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.45.5 24 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.56.5 24 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 [R5-ospf-1]area 56
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255 [R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit [R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 [R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R6 [R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.56.6 24 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 [R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit 2）查看区域0中R3的LSDB以及3类LSA

<R3>display ospf lsdb OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3 Link State Database Area: 0.0.0.0 Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Router 4.4.4.4 4.4.4.4 773 48 80000007 1 Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 808 36 80000004 1 Router 5.5.5.5 5.5.5.5 772 36 80000004 1 Router 3.3.3.3 3.3.3.3 805 48 80000006 1 Network 192.168.23.3 3.3.3.3 805 32 80000002 0 Network 192.168.34.3 3.3.3.3 808 32 80000002 0 Network 192.168.45.5 5.5.5.5 772 32 80000002 0 Sum-Net 192.168.56.0 5.5.5.5 811 28 80000001 1 Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 2.2.2.2 853 28 80000001 1 <R3>display ospf lsdb summary 192.168.12.0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 3.3.3.3 Area: 0.0.0.0 Link State Database Type : Sum-Net Ls id : 192.168.12.0 Adv rtr : 2.2.2.2
Ls age : 915 Len : 28 Options : E
seq# : 80000001 chksum : 0x3db Net mask : 255.255.255.0 Tos 0 metric: 1 Priority : Low 3）查看区域56中的R6的LSDB 以及3类LSA

<R6>display ospf lsdb OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 6.6.6.6 Link State Database Area: 0.0.0.56 Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Router 6.6.6.6 6.6.6.6 913 36 80000003 1 Router 5.5.5.5 5.5.5.5 909 36 80000006 1 Network 192.168.56.5 5.5.5.5 909 32 80000002 0 Sum-Net 192.168.45.0 5.5.5.5 960 28 80000001 1 Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 5.5.5.5 923 28 80000001 3 Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 5.5.5.5 923 28 80000001 2 Sum-Net 192.168.12.0 5.5.5.5 923 28 80000001 4 <R6>display ospf lsdb summary 192.168.12.0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 6.6.6.6 Area: 0.0.0.56 Link State Database Type : Sum-Net Ls id : 192.168.12.0 Adv rtr : 5.5.5.5
Ls age : 955 Len : 28 Options : E
seq# : 80000001 chksum : 0xc609 Net mask : 255.255.255.0 Tos 0 metric: 4 Priority : Low

熟悉3，4/5类LSA 4.1 问题如图配置 IP 和 OSPF 分析区域0和区域56中的3类LSA R6配置静态路由，访问 PC-3 确保PC-1和PC-2可以访问PC-3 分类5类LSA，熟悉路由计算过程

[R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.1 24 [R1]ospf 1 [R1-ospf-1]area 12 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 增加PC1 1.0网段修改接口ip 在区域12 宣告网址 [R1]dis ip routing-table protocol ospf /查看ospf协议路由表

<R3>display ospf lsdb summary 192.168.12.0 /查看ospf的lsdb 3类详情

[R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 [R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit

[R7]ip route-static 192.168.0.0 24 192.168.67.6 2）配置 R6 与 R7 之间的互通路由，并引入 OSPF

[R6]ip route-static 192.168.3.0 24 192.168.67.7 [R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 [R6-ospf-1]import-route static [R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit 3）查看 R1 的 OSPF 数据库，确认 192.168.3.0/24 的路由信息

<R1>display ospf lsdb

4 案例4：熟悉4/5类LSA 4.1 问题如图配置 IP 和 OSPF R6配置静态路由，访问 PC-3 确保PC-1和PC-2可以访问PC-3 分类5类LSA，熟悉路由计算过程 4.2 方案搭建实验环境，如图-4所示。

图-4

4.3 步骤实现此案例需要按照如下步骤进行。

1）配置IP地址，设置OSPF区域

<Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R1 [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.12.1 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R1]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.1.254 24 [R1-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [R1]ospf 1 router-id 1.1.1.1 [R1-ospf-1]area 12
[R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.255 [R1-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R2 [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.12.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R2]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.23.2 24 [R2-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R2]ospf 1 router-id 2.2.2.2 [R2-ospf-1]area 12
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]network 192.168.12.0 0.0.0.255 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.12]quit [R2-ospf-1]area 0
[R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 [R2-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R3 [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.23.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R3]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.34.3 24 [R3-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R3]ospf 1 router-id 3.3.3.3 [R3-ospf-1]area 0
[R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.23.0 0.0.0.255 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 [R3-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R4 [R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.34.4 24 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R4]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.45.4 24 [R4-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R4]ospf 1 router-id 4.4.4.4 [R4-ospf-1]area 0
[R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 [R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.34.0 0.0.0.255 [R4-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R5 [R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.45.5 24 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R5]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.56.5 24 [R5-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R5]ospf 1 router-id 5.5.5.5 [R5-ospf-1]area 56
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255 [R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit [R5-ospf-1]area 0
[R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]network 192.168.45.0 0.0.0.255 [R5-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.0]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R6 [R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.67.6 24 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]ip add 192.168.56.6 24 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/1]quit [R6]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.2.254 24 [R6-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [R6]ospf 1 router-id 6.6.6.6 [R6-ospf-1]area 56
[R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.56.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]network 192.168.2.0 0.0.0.255 [R6-ospf-1-area-0.0.0.56]quit <Huawei>undo terminal monitor <Huawei>system-view [Huawei]sysname R7 [R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1 [R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]ip add 192.168.67.7 24 [R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/0]quit [R7]interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/2 [R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]ip add 192.168.3.254 24 [R7-GigabitEthernet0/0/2]quit [R7]ip route-static 192.168.0.0 24 192.168.67.6 2）配置 R6 与 R7 之间的互通路由，并引入 OSPF

<R1>display ospf lsdb OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Link State Database Area: 0.0.0.12 Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric Router 2.2.2.2 2.2.2.2 1353 48 8000000B 1 Router 1.1.1.1 1.1.1.1 1352 48 80000008 1 Sum-Net 192.168.45.0 2.2.2.2 1800 28 80000001 3 Sum-Net 192.168.23.0 2.2.2.2 46 28 80000002 1 Sum-Net 192.168.56.0 2.2.2.2 1765 28 80000001 4 Sum-Net 192.168.34.0 2.2.2.2 1800 28 80000001 2 Sum-Asbr 6.6.6.6 2.2.2.2 5 28 80000001 4 AS External Database Type LinkState ID AdvRouter Age Len Sequence Metric External 192.168.3.0 6.6.6.6 9 36 80000001 1 4）查看表示 192.168.3.0/24 的 5类LSA

<R1>display ospf lsdb ase 192.168.3.0 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Link State Database Type : External Ls id : 192.168.3.0 Adv rtr : 6.6.6.6
Ls age : 26 Len : 36 Options : E
seq# : 80000001 chksum : 0x77d4 Net mask : 255.255.255.0 TOS 0 Metric: 1 E type : 2 Forwarding Address : 0.0.0.0 Tag : 1 Priority : Low 4）查看表示 ASBR 信息的4类LSA

<R1>display ospf lsdb asbr 6.6.6.6 OSPF Process 1 with Router ID 1.1.1.1 Area: 0.0.0.12 Link State Database Type : Sum-Asbr Ls id : 6.6.6.6 Adv rtr : 2.2.2.2
Ls age : 63 Len : 28 Options : E
seq# : 80000001 chksum : 0x3404 Tos 0 metric: 4 5）确保PC-1/2 与 PC3之间的互通

PC-1>ping 192.168.3.1 Ping 192.168.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=31 ms From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=31 ms From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=16 ms From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=16 ms From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=31 ms --- 192.168.3.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted PC-2>ping 192.168.3.1 Ping 192.168.3.1: 32 data bytes, Press Ctrl_C to break From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=1 ttl=125 time=31 ms From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=2 ttl=125 time=31 ms From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=3 ttl=125 time=16 ms From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=4 ttl=125 time=16 ms From 192.168.3.1: bytes=32 seq=5 ttl=125 time=31 ms --- 192.168.3.1 ping statistics --- 5 packet(s) transmitted