场景
Linux 服务器磁盘不够用了，原来200G左右，CentOS7，需要扩容至 350G
步骤
1、EXSi 编辑设置将 200GB 修改为 350GB
2、重启服务器
[root@harbor soft]# reboot
3、确认修改已生效
[root@harbor ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 375.8 GB, 375809638400 bytes, 734003200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d4fd7
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 16.9 GB, 16911433728 bytes, 33030144 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 143.1 GB, 143067709440 bytes, 279429120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/sda: 375.8 GB
4、扩展分区操作
[root@harbor ~]# fdisk /dev/sda
Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.
Command (m for help): n
Partition type:
p primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
e extended
Select (default p): p
Partition number (3,4, default 3): 3
First sector (419430400-734003199, default 419430400):
Using default value 419430400
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G} (419430400-734003199, default 734003199):
Using default value 734003199
Partition 3 of type Linux and of size 150 GiB is set
Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3):
Hex code (type L to list all codes): L
0 Empty 24 NEC DOS 81 Minix / old Lin bf Solaris
1 FAT12 27 Hidden NTFS Win 82 Linux swap / So c1 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
2 XENIX root 39 Plan 9 83 Linux c4 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
3 XENIX usr 3c PartitionMagic 84 OS/2 hidden C: c6 DRDOS/sec (FAT-
4 FAT16 <32M 40 Venix 80286 85 Linux extended c7 Syrinx
5 Extended 41 PPC PReP Boot 86 NTFS volume set da Non-FS data
6 FAT16 42 SFS 87 NTFS volume set db CP/M / CTOS / .
7 HPFS/NTFS/exFAT 4d QNX4.x 88 Linux plaintext de Dell Utility
8 AIX 4e QNX4.x 2nd part 8e Linux LVM df BootIt
9 AIX bootable 4f QNX4.x 3rd part 93 Amoeba e1 DOS access
a OS/2 Boot Manag 50 OnTrack DM 94 Amoeba BBT e3 DOS R/O
b W95 FAT32 51 OnTrack DM6 Aux 9f BSD/OS e4 SpeedStor
c W95 FAT32 (LBA) 52 CP/M a0 IBM Thinkpad hi eb BeOS fs
e W95 FAT16 (LBA) 53 OnTrack DM6 Aux a5 FreeBSD ee GPT
f W95 Ext'd (LBA) 54 OnTrackDM6 a6 OpenBSD ef EFI (FAT-12/16/
10 OPUS 55 EZ-Drive a7 NeXTSTEP f0 Linux/PA-RISC b
11 Hidden FAT12 56 Golden Bow a8 Darwin UFS f1 SpeedStor
12 Compaq diagnost 5c Priam Edisk a9 NetBSD f4 SpeedStor
14 Hidden FAT16 <3 61 SpeedStor ab Darwin boot f2 DOS secondary
16 Hidden FAT16 63 GNU HURD or Sys af HFS / HFS+ fb VMware VMFS
17 Hidden HPFS/NTF 64 Novell Netware b7 BSDI fs fc VMware VMKCORE
18 AST SmartSleep 65 Novell Netware b8 BSDI swap fd Linux raid auto
1b Hidden W95 FAT3 70 DiskSecure Mult bb Boot Wizard hid fe LANstep
1c Hidden W95 FAT3 75 PC/IX be Solaris boot ff BBT
1e Hidden W95 FAT1 80 Old Minix
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'
Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
WARNING: Re-reading the partition table failed with error 16: Device or resource busy.
The kernel still uses the old table. The new table will be used at
the next reboot or after you run partprobe(8) or kpartx(8)
Syncing disks.
注意仔细看每一步的具体操作
5、加载分区表
[root@harbor ~]# partprobe
执行 partprobe命令用于将磁盘分区表变化信息通知内核，并请求操作系统重新加载分区表，此方法可以不用重启系统；
或者使用 reboot 重启服务器也是可以的。
6、查看加载的分区表
[root@harbor ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 375.8 GB, 375809638400 bytes, 734003200 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x000d4fd7
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 419430399 208665600 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3 419430400 734003199 157286400 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-root: 53.7 GB, 53687091200 bytes, 104857600 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-swap: 16.9 GB, 16911433728 bytes, 33030144 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk /dev/mapper/centos-home: 143.1 GB, 143067709440 bytes, 279429120 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
可以看到已经添加了 /dev/sda3
7、扩展 vg
先创建PV
[root@harbor ~]# sudo pvcreate /dev/sda3
Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.
命令 pvs、pvscan 和 pvdisplay 可以查看 pv 的相关信息
然后使用vgs查看
[root@harbor ~]# sudo vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 1 3 0 wz--n- <199.00g 4.00m
8、把sda3加入到LVM组中
先添加
[root@harbor ~]# sudo vgextend centos /dev/sda3
Volume group "centos" successfully extended
然后查看 vgs
[root@harbor ~]# sudo vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
centos 2 3 0 wz--n- 348.99g 150.00g
其中 centos 为vg组名称，请根据具体情况填写
9、扩展lv
先将 /dev/sda3 扩展到 /dev/mapper/centos-home（这个根据你自己需要扩展的目标填写）
[root@harbor ~]# lvextend /dev/mapper/centos-home /dev/sda3
Size of logical volume centos/home changed from 133.24 GiB (34110 extents) to <283.24 GiB (72509 extents).
Logical volume centos/home successfully resized.
其中 /dev/sda3 为 pv 的名称
不带参数默认扩展所有Free空间，可以通过 -L 参数指定具体扩容的大小（单位为“kKmMgGtT”字节）
例如扩展1024兆空间的命令为：lvextend -L +1024M /dev/mapper/centos-home /dev/sda3
然后使用 lvs 查看情况，可以发现已经增长为 283.24g 了
[root@harbor ~]# sudo lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
home centos -wi-ao---- <283.24g
root centos -wi-ao---- 50.00g
swap centos -wi-ao---- 15.75g
然后使用 df -kh 查看，空间并不会变化，下面继续…
10、xfs在线扩容
[root@harbor ~]# df -T
（略）
[root@harbor ~]# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/centos-home
meta-data=/dev/mapper/centos-home isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=8732160 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=34928640, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=17055, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 34928640 to 74249216
11、最终确认
最后使用 df -kh 确认扩容已经生效，至此结束。
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