显性等待的另一种写法

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cnhkzyy 2022-07-04 20:08:12 博主文章分类：web自动化 ©著作权

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在看虫师的selenium--webdriver(python)教程时，发现另一种显性等待的写法，这也是WebDriverWait类源码中给出的例子

WebDriverWait(driver, 30, 1).until_not(lambda x: x.find_element_by_id("someId").is_displayed())

我们来看看虫师的例子

一. html源码

在python代码的同级目录下保存一个level_locate.html文件

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html;charset=utf-8" />
<title>Level Locate</title>
<script type="text/javascript"  src="http://libs.baidu.com/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<link
href="http://libs.baidu.com/bootstrap/2.3.2/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body
<h3>Level locate</h3>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well">
<div class="dropdown">
<a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Link1</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel" id="dropdown1" >
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="span3">
<div class="well">
<div class="dropdown">
<a class="dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" href="#">Link2</a>
<ul class="dropdown-menu" role="menu" aria-labelledby="dLabel" >
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#">Action</a></li>
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#">Another action</a></li>
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#">Something else here</a></li>
<li class="divider"></li>
<li><a tabindex="-1" href="#">Separated link</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
<script
src="http://libs.baidu.com/bootstrap/2.3.2/js/bootstrap.js"></script>
</html>

现在要求鼠标悬浮在Link1下拉框中的Action

显性等待的另一种写法_下拉框

二. python实现的两种方法

1. 显性等待的第一种写法

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.wait import WebDriverWait
from selenium.webdriver.support import expected_conditions as EC
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.action_chains import ActionChains
import time
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
file_path = "file:///" + os.path.abspath("level_locate.html")
driver.get(file_path)

#窗口最大化
driver.maximize_window()

#点击Link1链接(弹出下拉列表)
driver.find_element_by_link_text("Link1").click()

#id为dropdown1的下拉框的元素表达式
dropdown1_id = "dropdown1"

#设置显性等待，等待id为dropdown1的下拉框出现
WebDriverWait(driver, 10, 0.3).until(EC.visibility_of_element_located((By.ID, dropdown1_id)))

#定位到Action
action_element = driver.find_element_by_xpath("//ul[@id='dropdown1']//a[text()='Action']")

#鼠标定位到子元素上
ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(action_element).perform()
time.sleep(2)

driver.quit()

2. 显性等待的第二种写法

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
import time
import os

driver = webdriver.Chrome()
file_path = "file:///" + os.path.abspath("level_locate.html")
driver.get(file_path)

#窗口最大化
driver.maximize_window()

#点击Link1链接(弹出下拉列表)
driver.find_element_by_link_text("Link1").click()

#找到id为dropdown1的父元素
WebDriverWait(driver, 10, 0.3).until(lambda the_driver: the_driver.find_element_by_id("dropdown1").is_displayed())

#在父元素下找到link为Action的子元素
menu = driver.find_element_by_id("dropdown1").find_element_by_link_text("Action")

#鼠标定位到子元素上
webdriver.ActionChains(driver).move_to_element(menu).perform()
time.sleep(2)

driver.quit()