今天我要分享的是10个超棒的JavaScript简写方法,可以加快开发速度,让你的开发工作事半功倍哦。
1.合并数组
普通写法:
我们通常使用Array
中的concat()
方法合并两个数组。用concat()
方法来合并两个或多个数组,不会更改现有的数组,而是返回一个新的数组。请看一个简单的例子:
let apples = ['🍎', '🍏'];
let fruits = ['🍉', '🍊', '🍇'].concat(apples);
console.log( fruits );
//=> ["🍉", "🍊", "🍇", "🍎", "🍏"]
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简写写法:
我们可以通过使用ES6扩展运算符(...
)来减少代码,如下所示:
let apples = ['🍎', '🍏'];
let fruits = ['🍉', '🍊', '🍇', ...apples]; // <-- here
console.log( fruits );
//=> ["🍉", "🍊", "🍇", "🍎", "🍏"]
4.解构赋值
普通写法:
在处理数组时,我们有时需要将数组“解包”成一堆变量,如下所示:
let apples = ['🍎', '🍏'];
let redApple = apples[0];
let greenApple = apples[1];
console.log( redApple ); //=> 🍎
console.log( greenApple ); //=> 🍏
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简写写法:
我们可以通过解构赋值用一行代码实现相同的结果:
let apples = ['🍎', '🍏'];
let [redApple, greenApple] = apples; // <-- here
console.log( redApple ); //=> 🍎
console.log( greenApple ); //=> 🍏
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5.模板字面量
普通写法:
通常,当我们必须向字符串添加表达式时,我们会这样做:
// Display name in between two strings
let name = 'Palash';
console.log('Hello, ' + name + '!');
//=> Hello, Palash!
// Add & Subtract two numbers
let num1 = 20;
let num2 = 10;
console.log('Sum = ' + (num1 + num2) + ' and Subtract = ' + (num1 - num2));
//=> Sum = 30 and Subtract = 10
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简写写法:
通过模板字面量,我们可以使用反引号(``),这样我们就可以将表达式包装在
${…}`中,然后嵌入到字符串,如下所示:
// Display name in between two strings
let name = 'Palash';
console.log(`Hello, ${name}!`); // <-- No need to use + var + anymore
//=> Hello, Palash!
// Add two numbers
let num1 = 20;
let num2 = 10;
console.log(`Sum = ${num1 + num2} and Subtract = ${num1 - num2}`);
//=> Sum = 30 and Subtract = 10
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6.For循环
普通写法:
我们可以使用for
循环像这样循环遍历一个数组:
let fruits = ['🍉', '🍊', '🍇', '🍎'];
// Loop through each fruit
for (let index = 0; index < fruits.length; index++) {
console.log( fruits[index] ); // <-- get the fruit at current index
}
//=> 🍉
//=> 🍊
//=> 🍇
//=> 🍎
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简写写法:
我们可以使用for...of
语句实现相同的结果,而代码要少得多,如下所示:
let fruits = ['🍉', '🍊', '🍇', '🍎'];
// Using for...of statement
for (let fruit of fruits) {
console.log( fruit );
}
//=> 🍉
//=> 🍊
//=> 🍇
//=> 🍎
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7.箭头函数
普通写法:
要遍历数组,我们还可以使用Array
中的forEach()
方法。但是需要写很多代码,虽然比最常见的for
循环要少,但仍然比for...of
语句多一点:
let fruits = ['🍉', '🍊', '🍇', '🍎'];
// Using forEach method
fruits.forEach(function(fruit){
console.log( fruit );
});
//=> 🍉
//=> 🍊
//=> 🍇
//=> 🍎
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简写写法:
但是使用箭头函数表达式,允许我们用一行编写完整的循环代码,如下所示:
let fruits = ['🍉', '🍊', '🍇', '🍎'];
fruits.forEach(fruit => console.log( fruit )); // <-- Magic ✨
//=> 🍉
//=> 🍊
//=> 🍇
//=> 🍎
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8.在数组中查找对象
普通写法:
要通过其中一个属性从对象数组中查找对象的话,我们通常使用for
循环:
let inventory = [ {name: 'Bananas', quantity: 5}, {name: 'Apples', quantity: 10}, {name: 'Grapes', quantity: 2}];
// Get the object with the name `Apples` inside the array
function getApples(arr, value) {
for (let index = 0; index < arr.length; index++) {
// Check the value of this object property `name` is same as 'Apples'
if (arr[index].name === 'Apples') { //=> 🍎
// A match was found, return this object
return arr[index];
}
}
}
let result = getApples(inventory);
console.log( result )
//=> { name: "Apples", quantity: 10 }
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简写写法:
上面我们写了这么多代码来实现这个逻辑。但是使用Array
中的find()
方法和箭头函数=>
,允许我们像这样一行搞定:
// Get the object with the name `Apples` inside the array
function getApples(arr, value) {
return arr.find(obj => obj.name === 'Apples'); // <-- here
}
let result = getApples(inventory);
console.log( result )
//=> { name: "Apples", quantity: 10 }
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9.将字符串转换为整数
// Get the object with the name `Apples` inside the array
const getApples = array => array.find(({ name }) => name === "Apples");
let result = getApples(inventory);
console.log(result);
//=> { name: "Apples", quantity: 10 }
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短路求值替代方案:
const getUserRole1 = (role = "USER") => role;
const getUserRole2 = role => role ?? "USER";
const getUserRole3 = role => role ? role : "USER";
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