免交互几种方法

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wx5ddda4c97f426 2020-11-09 19:00:44 博主文章分类：脚本 ©著作权
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秘籍----免交互几种方法

1.echo方法
#!/bin/bash
cd /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head/
echo "
回车
" | npm run start &
sleep 5
netstat -lnupt | grep 9100
netstat -lnupt | grep 9200

//或者
#!/bin/bash
cd /usr/local/src/elasticsearch-head/
npm run start &
sleep 5
echo "

"
netstat -lnupt | grep 9100
netstat -lnupt | grep 9200
//老师的方法
        echo 
                
                "n 
   ##创建磁盘
                p
           
                w" | fdisk /dev/sda

2.expect方法
yum install -y expect
mkdir /abc
/usr/bin/expect<<-EOF
 spawn mount.cifs //192.168.1.150/redhat7 /abc
 expect "*redhat7*" {send "123456\r"}
expect eof
EOF

#!/bin/bash
######部署elasticsearch软件####
yum install -y expect
mkdir /abcd
echo 
    "123456
	" | mount.cifs //192.168.1.150/redhat7 /abcd



对于需求1 要求的自动登陆ftp，并作系列操作，则可以用这种方法进行自动交互。代码如下：

#!/bin/bash  
ftp -i -n 192.168.167.187 << EOF 
user hzc 123456  
pwd  
cd test  
pwd  
close  
bye  
EOF 
测试可以发现，如上代码使用帐号名hzc，密码123456成功登陆了ftp服务器，并进入目录，打印出了pwd。

五、自动交互方法二

需求2中要求采用非交互的方式改变登录用户密码，尝试用方法1，无法实现。

这时候联想到交互信息的另一个自动输入方法，管道，通过echo + sleep + | 可以实现这个需求。

#!/bin/bash  
(echo "curpassword"  
sleep 1  
echo "newpassword"   
sleep 1  
echo "newpassword")|passwd 
测试通过，运行这个脚本，直接把当前用户的curpassword改成newpassword。

六、自动交互方法三

需求3中要求自动登录root账号，尝试方法1和方法2，都出现错误提示standard in must be a tty。

这时候尝试寻找外部帮助，一个shell工具expect可以实现这个功能，其实expect就是一个专门用来实现自动交互功能的工具，expect的语法可以参考相关资料，代码如下：

#!/usr/bin/expect  
spawn su root  
expect "password: "  
send "123456\r"  
expect eof  
exit 
测试通过，运行这个脚本，直接从当前用户登录到root用户。

七、方法总结

方法一(重定向)简单直观，也经常有实际应用，但是在自动交互领域功能有限。

方法二(管道)也很简单直观，有时甚至不用sleep配合就能展现强大的自动交互实力，但是在某些时候也束手无策。

方法三(expect)在功能上是最为强大的，expect本来就是为实现自动交互功能而生，但是缺点是需要安装expect包，在嵌入式等环境下难以安装。

三个方法各有优劣，应用的好，都可以完成Linux Shell自动交互。


echo "123
456
789" > my.cof

cat > /etc/my.conf <<EOF
123
456
789
EOF


1. 修改shell
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER [lindex $argv 0]
set SHELL [lindex $argv 1]
set timeout 3
spawn chsh $USER
expect "*]:*" { send "$SHELL\r" }
expect eof
# ./chsh.sh user1 /bin/tcsh

2. 修改密码
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER [lindex $argv 0]
set PASS "1q2w#E\$R"
set timeout 3
spawn passwd $USER
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
expect eof
# ./pass.sh user1

或把用户和密码都作为参数
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER [lindex $argv 0]
set PASS [lindex $argv 1]
set timeout 3
spawn passwd $USER
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
expect eof
# ./pass.sh ttt 1q2w#E$R
# ./pass.sh ttt "1q2w#E\$R"

总结：expect 必须要匹配最后一个输出字符。



远程交互ssh 登录：

1. 设置变量，执行多命令。
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP "10.85.138.42"
set timeout 3
spawn ssh ${IP}
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*assword*" { send "root\r"}
expect "*#*" { send "ls\r" }
expect "*#*" { send "touch /tanjiyong/newfile\r" }
expect eof
#./exp.sh


2. 增加参数。
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP [lindex $argv 0]
set USER [lindex $argv 1]
set timeout 3
spawn ssh $USER@${IP}
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*assword*" { send "root\r"}
expect "*#*" { send "ls\r" }
expect "*#*" { send "touch /tanjiyong/newfile\r" }
expect eof
#./exp.sh 10.85.138.42 root


3. ssh 登录，执行时间超过timeout时间，设定timeout为-1(无限制)。
#!/usr/bin/expect
set IP [lindex $argv 0]
set USER [lindex $argv 1]
set IP2 [lindex $argv 2]
set timeout 3
spawn ssh $USER@${IP}
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*assword*" { send "root\r"}
expect "*#*" { send "ls\r" }
expect "*#*" { send "ping $IP2\r" }
set timeout -1
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }
expect eof


4. ssh 登录，使用循环，在30台机器执行相同命令。
#!/usr/bin/expect
set USER root
set PASS root
for {set i 1} {$i<=30} {incr i} {
spawn ssh -l $USER 125.1.1.$i
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*assword*" { send "$PASS\r"}
expect "*#*" { send "find / -name hao.txt\r" }
expect eof
}
#./exp.sh



本地远程交互执行：

1. spawn 执行scp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS root
set timeout 3
spawn scp /etc/passwd root@10.85.138.42:/tanjiyong
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
set timeout -1
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }
# ./scp.sh

使用-- send
#!/usr/bin/expect --
set PASS root
set USER root
set IP 10.85.138.42
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
set timeout 1
spawn $env(SHELL)    #spawn /bin/bash
expect "*#*" { send "/usr/bin/scp /etc/passwd $USER@$IP:/tanjiyong\r" }
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
set timeout -1    #复制的时间较长，设置为timeout无限制
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }

#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS root
set USER root
set IP 10.85.138.42
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
set timeout 1
spawn $env(SHELL)
expect "*#*" { send -- "/usr/bin/scp /etc/passwd $USER@$IP:/tanjiyong\r" }
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
set timeout -1    #复制的时间较长，设置为timeout无限制
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }


#!/usr/bin/expect
set timeout 3
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
spawn \$env(SHELL)
expect -exact "# "
send -- "scp $TAR_NAME ${USERNAME}@${DESTIP}{DESTDIR}\r"
expect {
    "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    "assword: " { send "hw2009\r" }
}
set timeout -1    #复制的时间较长，设置为timeout无限制
expect "# "
send "exit\r"
expect eof


2. expect 搜索块
#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS root
set timeout 3
spawn scp /etc/passwd root@10.85.138.42:/tanjiyong
expect {
    "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r";exp_continue }
    "assword: " { send "$PASS\r" }
}
set timeout -1
expect "*#*" { send "exit 1\r" }
# ./scp.sh


3. 判断
#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS [lindex $argv 0]
set USER root
set IP 10.85.138.42
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
set timeout 1
spawn $env(SHELL)
expect "*#*" { send "/usr/bin/scp /etc/passwd $USER@$IP:/tanjiyong\r" }
expect {
    "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
    "*Password:*" { send "$PASS\r" }
}
expect "*Password:*" { send_user "\nPasswd error!\n";exit 1 }
set timeout -1
expect "# " { send "exit 1\r" }
expect eof
# ./scp.sh

4. rsync 备份使用。
#!/usr/bin/expect --
spawn ssh backup@10.85.138.212
expect {
    "(yes/no)?" {
        send "yes\r"
    }
    "assword" {
        send "123456\r"
    }
}

send "rsync -avz rsync@10.85.138.212:/home/html /opt\r"
expect "total size"
expect {
    "rsync error" {
        exit 1
    }
}

expect "# "
send "exit\r"
interact
#expect eof


脚本中使用：
#!/bin/bash
echo "Start..."
cat << EOF > /expectfile
#!/usr/bin/expect
set PASS root
set USER root
set IP 10.85.138.42
set env(SHELL) /bin/bash
set timeout 1
spawn \$env(SHELL)    #必须加上\，不然会被置换为空。
expect "*#*" { send "/usr/bin/scp /etc/passwd \$USER@\$IP:/tanjiyong\r" }
expect "*yes/no*" { send "yes\r" }
expect "*Password:*" { send "\$PASS\r" }
set timeout -1
expect "# " { send "exit 1\r" }
expect eof
EOF
expect -f /expectfile
echo "$?"
echo "finished backup.."




附：修改SSH Client为非ask模式
vi /etc/ssh/ssh_config
#     StrictHostKeyChecking ask
StrictHostKeyChecking no

参考：自动登录
#!/usr/bin/expect
if {$argc!=3} {     # 疑问：参数个数($#)
    send_user "Usage: $argv0 {Array IP} {Password} {CMD}\n\n"
    exit
}

set IP [lindex $argv 0]
set Password [lindex $argv 1]
set CMD [lindex $argv 2]
spawn ssh admin@$IP
expect {
    "assword:" {
        exec sleep 1
        send "${Password}\r"
    }
    "*continue connecting*" {
        exec sleep 1
        send "yes\r"
        expect    "*Password:" {
            exec sleep 1
            send "${Password}\r"
        }    
    }
}

expect {
    "*Password*" { send_user "\n1assword error!\n"
        exit
    }
    "*already*" { send_user "\n2:Repeated login!\n"
        exit
    }
    "OceanStor: admin>" { send "${CMD}\r" }
}
expect "*>"
send "exit\r"
expect "*closed*"
exit


脚本2
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ipaddress [lindex $argv 0]
set passwd [lindex $argv 1]
spawn ssh -p 22 root@$ipaddress
expect {
    "want"    {send -- "yes\r"; exp_continue}
    "password:"     {send -- "$passwd"}
    "No route"    { exit }
}
set timeout 5
send "\n"
expect "*justin*"
send "pwd\r"
expect "*OK*"
send "exit\r"
expect eof


相关：
exit 1/exit    #停止执行，退出脚本
expect eof #脚本结束
expect -exact "# " #精确匹配
expect "# "
expect "*#*" #模糊匹配
exp_continue #在同一个expect块里，做多次匹配。
send #发送命令。
send_user #打印终端信息。用法与send一致。

#获取ip地址
b=ifconfig ens33 |tr -s ' ' : |cut -d: -f3 |sed -n '2p'
Listen '$b':80	"注意要加分号,不加分号报错"
#"整行替换" 
sed -i '1c123' test.txt	把第一行整行替换