1、LVM逻辑卷管理 1)创建一个至少有两个PV组成的大小为20G的名为testvg的 VG；要求PE大小为16MB, 而后在卷组中创建大小为5G的逻辑卷testlv；挂载至/users目录
[root@zeedu tool]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 128.8 GB, 128849018880 bytes, 251658240 sectors
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
Disk label type: dos
Disk identifier: 0x0000d0bc
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 2048 2099199 1048576 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 2099200 65013759 31457280 83 Linux
/dev/sda3 65013760 85985279 10485760 83 Linux
/dev/sda4 85985280 251658239 82836480 5 Extended
/dev/sda5 85987328 92278783 3145728 82 Linux swap / Solaris
/dev/sda6 92280832 102766591 5242880 83 Linux
/dev/sda7 102768640 123740159 10485760 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda8 123742208 144713727 10485760 8e Linux LVM
[root@zeedu tool]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 120G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 30G 0 part /data
├─sda3 8:3 0 10G 0 part /
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 3G 0 part [SWAP]
└─sda6 8:6 0 5G 0 part /home
sr0 11:0 1 4.3G 0 rom
[root@zeedu tool]# partprobe
Warning: Unable to open /dev/sr0 read-write (Read-only file system). /dev/sr0 has been opened read-only.
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 120G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 1G 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 30G 0 part /data
├─sda3 8:3 0 10G 0 part /
├─sda4 8:4 0 512B 0 part
├─sda5 8:5 0 3G 0 part [SWAP]
├─sda6 8:6 0 5G 0 part /home
├─sda7 8:7 0 10G 0 part
└─sda8 8:8 0 10G 0 part
sr0 11:0 1 4.3G 0 rom
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# pvcreate /dev/sda{7,8}
Physical volume "/dev/sda7" successfully created.
Physical volume "/dev/sda8" successfully created.
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# pvs
PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree
/dev/sda7 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
/dev/sda8 lvm2 --- 10.00g 10.00g
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# vgs
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sda{7,8}
Volume group "testvg" successfully created
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# vgs
VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree
testvg 2 0 0 wz--n- <19.97g <19.97g
[root@zeedu tool]# vgdisplay
--- Volume group ---
VG Name testvg
System ID
Format lvm2
Metadata Areas 2
Metadata Sequence No 1
VG Access read/write
VG Status resizable
MAX LV 0
Cur LV 0
Open LV 0
Max PV 0
Cur PV 2
Act PV 2
VG Size <19.97 GiB
PE Size 16.00 MiB
Total PE 1278
Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0
Free PE / Size 1278 / <19.97 GiB
VG UUID PAWE1V-jRWM-90W0-FmNo-1jZB-UMZz-uQJwFQ
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# lvcreate -L 5G -n testlv testvg
Logical volume "testlv" created.
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-a----- 5.00g
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# lvdisplay
--- Logical volume ---
LV Path /dev/testvg/testlv
LV Name testlv
VG Name testvg
LV UUID 1156UT-M3RT-Zgo7-8DPI-x2VI-jqqz-A9JlHw
LV Write Access read/write
LV Creation host, time zeedu, 2019-05-02 23:09:48 +0800
LV Status available
# open 0
LV Size 5.00 GiB
Current LE 320
Segments 1
Allocation inherit
Read ahead sectors auto
- currently set to 8192
Block device 253:0
[root@zeedu tool]# mkfs.xfs /dev/testvg/testlv
meta-data=/dev/testvg/testlv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-a----- 5.00g
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# mkdir /users
[root@zeedu tool]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 10G 1.7G 8.4G 17% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.8M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 30G 42M 30G 1% /data
/dev/sda6 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 1014M 127M 888M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /users
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# vi /etc/fstab
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# blkid
/dev/sda1: UUID="28db4a53-1e2a-465d-9c47-6b335168a055" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda2: UUID="89f030f0-85e9-4352-ba99-fc1a849a949a" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda3: UUID="f9cba076-314d-44a2-9364-3a55ae4cfe51" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda5: UUID="e9e9830e-61f1-4e8f-8fa0-55a5ae593d99" TYPE="swap"
/dev/sda6: UUID="24142266-6ed9-42d0-bab2-c159a42f56d2" TYPE="xfs"
/dev/sda7: UUID="zG969c-EMCC-sbeN-arbm-CEaH-9QPM-f7pOKK" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sda8: UUID="J3nHwE-2Z95-2DuT-RNzP-4wH7-44Ix-rfekEV" TYPE="LVM2_member"
/dev/sr0: UUID="2018-11-25-23-54-16-00" LABEL="CentOS 7 x86_64" TYPE="iso9660" PTTYPE="dos"
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv: UUID="50ac6476-468c-4ea6-8475-56d893ce65f5" TYPE="xfs"
[root@zeedu tool]# vi /etc/fstab
[No write since last change]
Press ENTER or type command to continue
[No write since last change]
/bin/bash: r: command not found
shell returned 127
Press ENTER or type command to continue
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]#
[root@zeedu tool]# more /etc/fstab
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Thu May 2 16:11:23 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=f9cba076-314d-44a2-9364-3a55ae4cfe51 / xfs defaults
0 0
UUID=28db4a53-1e2a-465d-9c47-6b335168a055 /boot xfs defaults
0 0
UUID=89f030f0-85e9-4352-ba99-fc1a849a949a /data xfs defaults
0 0
UUID=24142266-6ed9-42d0-bab2-c159a42f56d2 /home xfs defaults
0 0
UUID=e9e9830e-61f1-4e8f-8fa0-55a5ae593d99 swap swap defaults
0 0
UUID=50ac6476-468c-4ea6-8475-56d893ce65f5 /users xfs defaults 0 0
[root@zeedu tool]#
ext4： vgcreate -s 16M testvg /dev/sda{7,8} vgs lvcreate -L +5G -n testlv testvg lvs mkfs.ext4 /dev/testvg/testlv lvs lsblk blkid ll -d /users ll /users clear mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users df -h
2）扩展testlv至7G，要求 archlinux用户的文件不能丢失
[root@zeedu ~]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 10G 1.7G 8.4G 17% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 30G 42M 30G 1% /data
/dev/sda6 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 1014M 127M 888M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /users
[root@zeedu users]# xfs_growfs /dev/testvg/testlv
meta-data=/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=327680 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0 spinodes=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=1310720, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal bsize=4096 blocks=2560, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1310720 to 1835008
[root@zeedu users]# lvs
LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Meta% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert
testlv testvg -wi-ao---- 7.00g
[root@zeedu /]# df -h
Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3 10G 1.7G 8.4G 17% /
devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run
tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda2 30G 42M 30G 1% /data
/dev/sda6 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 1014M 127M 888M 13% /boot
tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 7.0G 33M 7.0G 1% /users
ext4： umount /dev/testvg/testlv e2fsck /dev/testvg/testlv lvextend -L +2G /dev/testvg/testlv lvs mount /users/ mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users resize2fs /dev/testvg/testlv df -h
3）收缩testlv至3G，要求archlinux文件不能丢失 root@zeedu /]# e2fsck /dev/testvg/testlv -f e2fsck 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information /dev/testvg/testlv: 2537/458752 files (0.2% non-contiguous), 75965/1835008 blocks [root@zeedu /]# resize2fs /dev/testvg/testlv 3G resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013) Resizing the filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv to 786432 (4k) blocks. The filesystem on /dev/testvg/testlv is now 786432 blocks long.
[root@zeedu /]# lvreduce -L 3G /dev/testvg/testlv WARNING: Reducing active logical volume to 3.00 GiB. THIS MAY DESTROY YOUR DATA (filesystem etc.) Do you really want to reduce testvg/testlv? [y/n]: y Size of logical volume testvg/testlv changed from 7.00 GiB (448 extents) to 3.00 GiB (192 extents). Logical volume testvg/testlv successfully resized. [root@zeedu /]# [root@zeedu /]# [root@zeedu /]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv /users/ [root@zeedu /]# df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 10G 1.7G 8.4G 17% / devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 487M 7.7M 479M 2% /run tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda2 30G 42M 30G 1% /data /dev/sda6 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /home /dev/sda1 1014M 127M 888M 13% /boot tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 2.9G 49M 2.7G 2% /users [root@zeedu /]#
4）对testlv创建快照，并尝试基于快照备份数据，验证快照的功能 首先需要确保/dev/testvg上有空间可以存放快照 [root@zeedu /]# lvcreate -n testlv_snap -s -L 1G /dev/testvg/testlv Logical volume "testlv_snap" created. [root@zeedu /]# [root@zeedu /]# mkdir /users_snap [root@zeedu /]# mount /dev/testvg/testlv_snap /users_snap [root@zeedu /]# cd /users users/ users_snap/ [root@zeedu /]# cd /users_snap/ [root@zeedu users_snap]# ls etc fstab lost+found
2、创建一个可用空间为1G的RAID1设备，文件系统ext4，有一个空闲盘，开机挂载至/backup目录 mdadm -C /dev/md0 -l 1 -n 2 /dev/sda{9,10} -x 1 /dev/sda11 mkdir /backup mkfs.ext4 /dev/md0 mount /dev/md0 /backup
df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda3 10G 1.8G 8.3G 18% / devtmpfs 476M 0 476M 0% /dev tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /dev/shm tmpfs 487M 7.8M 479M 2% /run tmpfs 487M 0 487M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup /dev/sda2 30G 88M 30G 1% /data /dev/sda6 5.0G 33M 5.0G 1% /home /dev/sda1 1014M 127M 888M 13% /boot tmpfs 98M 0 98M 0% /run/user/0 /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv 2.9G 49M 2.7G 2% /users /dev/mapper/testvg-testlv_snap 2.9G 49M 2.7G 2% /users_snap /dev/md0 990M 2.6M 921M 1% /backup
