关于如何使用Jenkins+Gitlab实现可CI/CD,在此就不多做介绍了,本篇博文主要介绍Jenkins+Gitlab针对kubernetes集群实现CI/CD。由于Kubernetes近年来的火爆程度,掌握这项技能已经变得尤为重要!

一、环境准备

系统

主机名

IP地址

所运行的服务

Centos 7

master

192.168.1.1

K8s集群的master节点

Centos 7

node01

192.168.1.2

K8s集群的node节点

Centos 7

docker

192.168.1.4

Docker

  • K8s集群主要用于运行一个Nginx运行容器,模拟线上环境;
  • master节点主要用于运行registry私有仓库;
  • docker服务器运行Jenkins与Gitlab服务;
  • 上述三台服务器全部加入registry私有仓库;

部署环境所需任何软件包,都可从以下链接中获取!
链接:https://pan.baidu.com/s/1pb4ZShK5MBxIj6xN-hMmoA
提取码:k66s

二、部署registry私有仓库

其实registry私有仓库在任何一台机器上部署都可以,这里就直接在master节点上部署了!

[root@master ~]# docker run -d --restart=always -p 5000:5000 registry:2
[root@master ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
ExecStart=/usr/bin/dockerd --insecure-registry 192.168.1.1:5000
[root@master ~]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 192.168.1.2:/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[root@master ~]# scp /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service 192.168.1.4:/usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service
[root@master ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker
[root@node01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker
[root@docker ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl restart docker

三、master节点运行nginx容器

[root@master ~]# docker tag nginx:latest 192.168.1.1:5000/nginx:v1
[root@master ~]# docker push 192.168.1.1:5000/nginx:v1 
[root@master ~]# vim nginx.yaml
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: nginx
spec:
  replicas: 2
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        name: nginx
    spec:
      containers:
        - name: nginx
          image: 192.168.1.1:5000/nginx:v1
          ports:
          - containerPort: 80

---
apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  labels:
    name: nginx
  name: nginx
spec:
  type: NodePort
  ports:
  - port: 80
    targetPort: 80
    nodePort: 31234
  selector:
    name: nginx
[root@master ~]# kubectl apply -f nginx.yaml 
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pod,svc | grep nginx
pod/nginx-64dfdff6cd-q24qn   1/1     Running   0          105s
pod/nginx-64dfdff6cd-vj9hm   1/1     Running   0          105s
service/nginx        NodePort    10.97.11.24   <none>        80:31234/TCP   105s

客户端访问测试:

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四、部署Jenkins服务

在部署Jenkins服务之前需部署Tomcat服务,本次部署Jenkins采用war包的形式进行部署!

[root@docker ~]# tar zxf jdk-8u231-linux-x64.tar.gz 
[root@docker ~]# mv jdk1.8.0_231/ /usr/java
[root@docker ~]# vim /etc/profile         #末尾写入
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/java
export JRE_HOME=/usr/java/jre
export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$JRE_HOME/bin:$PATH
export CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar
[root@docker ~]# source /etc/profile
[root@docker ~]# java -version
java version "1.8.0_231"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_231-b11)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.231-b11, mixed mode)
[root@docker ~]# wget http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/apache/tomcat/tomcat-9/v9.0.31/bin/apache-tomcat-9.0.31.tar.gz
[root@docker ~]# tar zxf apache-tomcat-9.0.31.tar.gz 
[root@docker ~]# mv apache-tomcat-9.0.31 /usr/tomcat9
[root@docker ~]# cd /usr/tomcat9/webapps/
[root@docker webapps]# mv * /tmp
[root@docker webapps]# wget http://mirrors.jenkins.io/war-stable/latest/jenkins.war
[root@docker webapps]# vim /usr/tomcat9/conf/server.xml
 69     <Connector port="8080" protocol="HTTP/1.1"
 70                connectionTimeout="20000"
 71                redirectPort="8443" URIEncoding="UTF-8" />
#在8443后添加URIEncoding="UTF-8",使tomcat支持utf-8字符集
[root@docker webapps]# cd /usr/tomcat9/bin/
[root@docker bin]# vim catalina.sh 
  1 #!/bin/sh
  2 export CATALINA_OPTS="-DJENKINS_HOME=/data/jenkins"
  3 export JENKINS_JAVA_OPTIONS="-Djava.awt.headless=true -Dhudson.ClassicPluginStrategy.noBytecodeTransformer=true"
#这两行特别重要,注意不要填写错误!
[root@docker bin]# ./catalina.sh start
#启动tomcat,tomcat自动解压war包,也就是说jenkins也就启动了
[root@docker bin]# netstat -antp | grep 8080
tcp6       0      0 :::8080                 :::*                    LISTEN      3303/java

五、配置Jenkins

1)配置Jenkins web界面

注意访问的是Jenkins服务器的IP地址+8080端口+jenkins目录!

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自行根据提示查看密码并粘贴到相应位置,如下,查看密码:

[root@docker bin]# cat /data/jenkins/secrets/initialAdminPassword
d2bc124dfcb44fc4bac0df7427f7b8c9

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由于跳过了插件安装,所以需要使用网盘中提供的插件目录——plugins.tar.gz!

2)配置所需插件

[root@docker ~]# mv /data/jenkins/plugins/ /tmp/
[root@docker ~]# tar zxf plugins.tar.gz -C /data/jenkins/
[root@docker ~]# /usr/tomcat9/bin/catalina.sh stop
[root@docker ~]# /usr/tomcat9/bin/catalina.sh start

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六、部署Gitlab服务

[root@docker ~]# yum -y install  epel-release curl openssh-server openssh-clients postfix cronie policycoreutils-python patch
[root@docker ~]# wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/gitlab-ce/yum/el7/gitlab-ce-12.3.5-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@docker ~]# yum -y localinstall gitlab-ce-12.3.5-ce.0.el7.x86_64.rpm
[root@docker ~]# vim /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb
external_url 'http://192.168.1.4:90'
unicorn['listen'] = '192.168.1.4'       #本机IP
unicorn['port'] = 3000
[root@docker ~]# gitlab-ctl reconfigure
[root@docker ~]# gitlab-ctl start

由于gitlab的操作过于简单,这里就不截图说明了,访问gitlab服务器的IP地址+90端口,配置gitlab服务器可以免密登录gitlab,创建一个仓库,保证可以克隆到本地即可!

[root@docker ~]# git clone git@192.168.1.4:root/test.git
[root@docker ~]# ls -d test
test

七、配置Jenkins创建一个任务

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#!/bin/bash
backupcode="/data/backcode/$JOB_NAME/$BUILD_NUMBER"   #这里引用了Jenkins的默认变量
mkdir -p $backupcode
chmod 644 "$JENKINS_HOME"/workspace/"$JOB_NAME"/*
rsync -acP   "$JENKINS_HOME"/workspace/"$JOB_NAME"/*  $backupcode
echo From  192.168.1.1:5000/nginx:v1 > "$JENKINS_HOME"/workspace/Dockerfile
echo COPY ./"$JOB_NAME"/* /usr/share/nginx/html/ >> "$JENKINS_HOME"/workspace/Dockerfile
docker rmi 192.168.1.1:5000/nginx:v1        
docker build -t 192.168.1.1:5000/nginx:v2 /"$JENKINS_HOME"/workspace/.
docker push 192.168.1.1:5000/nginx:v2
ssh root@192.168.1.1 sed -i 's/nginx:v1/nginx:v2/g' /root/nginx.yaml
ssh root@192.168.1.1 kubectl delete deployment nginx
ssh root@192.168.1.1 kubectl apply -f /root/nginx.yaml
#脚本中最后三行的IP地址是K8s集群的master节点
#除此之外的IP地址则是registry私有仓库的IP地址

脚本内容编写完成之后,先不要着急保存!还需进行以下配置:

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脚本中涉及登录到K8s的master节点,所以要配置免密登录!

[root@docker ~]# ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.1

八、开启Jenkins的匿名访问权限

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九、Gitlab开启允许向自己发送web hook

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十、测试持续CI/CD效果

1)在gitlab服务器上进行版本更新迭代测试

[root@docker ~]# cd test/
[root@docker test]# git config --global user.name "test"
[root@docker test]#  git config --global user.email "test@test.com"
[root@docker test]# echo "hello world" > index.html
[root@docker test]# git add .
[root@docker test]# git commit -m "test CI/CD"
[root@docker test]# git push origin master

上述操作完成之后,需在Jenkins页面进行构建操作:

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构建完成后,访问nginx便是我们提交到gitlab的代码信息!

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