Camera2 API中主要涉及以下几个关键类:

  • CameraManager:摄像头管理器,用于打开和关闭系统摄像头
  • CameraCharacteristics:描述摄像头的各种特性,我们可以通过CameraManager的getCameraCharacteristics(@NonNull String cameraId)方法来获取。
  • CameraDevice:描述系统摄像头,类似于早期的Camera。
  • CameraCaptureSession:Session类,当需要拍照、预览等功能时,需要先创建该类的实例,然后通过该实例里的方法进行控制(例如:拍照 capture())。
  • CaptureRequest:描述了一次操作请求,拍照、预览等操作都需要先传入CaptureRequest参数,具体的参数控制也是通过CameraRequest的成员变量来设置。
  • CaptureResult:描述拍照完成后的结果。

Camera2拍照流程如下所示:

android 关闭volte Android 关闭camera service_ide

1、CameraCharacteristics

Camera2与Camera一样也有cameraId的概念,我们通过mCameraManager.getCameraIdList()来获取cameraId列表,然后通过mCameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(id)
获取每个id对应摄像头的参数。

关于CameraCharacteristics里面的参数,主要用到的有以下几个:

  • LENS_FACING:前置摄像头(LENS_FACING_FRONT), 后置摄像头(LENS_FACING_BACK)。
  • SENSOR_ORIENTATION:摄像头拍照方向。
  • FLASH_INFO_AVAILABLE:是否支持闪光灯。
  • CameraCharacteristics.INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL:获取当前设备支持的相机特性。

注:事实上,在各个厂商的的Android设备上,Camera2的各种特性并不都是可用的,需要通过characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL)方法
来根据返回值来获取支持的级别,具体说来:

  • INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_FULL:全方位的硬件支持,允许手动控制全高清的摄像、支持连拍模式以及其他新特性。
  • INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_LIMITED:有限支持,这个需要单独查询。
  • INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_LEGACY:所有设备都会支持,也就是和过时的Camera API支持的特性是一致的。

利用这个INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL参数,我们可以来判断是使用Camera还是使用Camera2,具体方法如下:

@TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
public static boolean hasCamera2(Context mContext) {
    if (mContext == null) return false;
    if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) return false;
    try {
        CameraManager manager = (CameraManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
        String[] idList = manager.getCameraIdList();
        boolean notFull = true;
        if (idList.length == 0) {
            notFull = false;
        } else {
            for (final String str : idList) {
                if (str == null || str.trim().isEmpty()) {
                    notFull = false;
                    break;
                }
                final CameraCharacteristics characteristics = manager.getCameraCharacteristics(str);

                final int supportLevel = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL);
                if (supportLevel == CameraCharacteristics.INFO_SUPPORTED_HARDWARE_LEVEL_LEGACY) {
                    notFull = false;
                    break;
                }
            }
        }
        return notFull;
    } catch (Throwable ignore) {
        return false;
    }
}

更多CameraCharacteristics参数,可以参见CameraCharacteristics官方文档

2、打开相机

  1. 打开相机之前,我们首先要获取CameraManager,然后获取相机列表,进而获取各个摄像头(主要是前置摄像头和后置摄像头)的参数。
mCameraManager = (CameraManager) mContext.getSystemService(Context.CAMERA_SERVICE);
try {
    final String[] ids = mCameraManager.getCameraIdList();
    numberOfCameras = ids.length;
    for (String id : ids) {
        final CameraCharacteristics characteristics = mCameraManager.getCameraCharacteristics(id);
        final int orientation = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING);
        if (orientation == CameraCharacteristics.LENS_FACING_FRONT) {
            faceFrontCameraId = id;
            faceFrontCameraOrientation = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION);
            frontCameraCharacteristics = characteristics;
        } else {
            faceBackCameraId = id;
            faceBackCameraOrientation = characteristics.get(CameraCharacteristics.SENSOR_ORIENTATION);
            backCameraCharacteristics = characteristics;
        }
    }
} catch (Exception e) {
    Log.e(TAG, "Error during camera initialize");
}

打开相机主要调用的是mCameraManager.openCamera(currentCameraId, stateCallback, backgroundHandler)方法,如你所见,它有三个参数:

  • String cameraId:摄像头的唯一ID。
  • CameraDevice.StateCallback callback:摄像头打开的相关回调。
  • Handler handler:StateCallback需要调用的Handler,我们一般可以用当前线程的Handler。
mCameraManager.openCamera(currentCameraId, stateCallback, backgroundHandler);

上面我们提到了CameraDevice.StateCallback,它是摄像头打开的一个回调,定义了打开,关闭以及出错等各种回调方法,我们可以在
这些回调方法里做对应的操作。

private CameraDevice.StateCallback stateCallback = new CameraDevice.StateCallback() {
    @Override
    public void onOpened(@NonNull CameraDevice cameraDevice) {
        //获取CameraDevice
        mcameraDevice = cameraDevice;
    }

    @Override
    public void onDisconnected(@NonNull CameraDevice cameraDevice) {
        //关闭CameraDevice
        cameraDevice.close();

    }

    @Override
    public void onError(@NonNull CameraDevice cameraDevice, int error) {
        //关闭CameraDevice
        cameraDevice.close();
    }
};

3、关闭相机

通过上面的描述,关闭就很简单了。

//关闭CameraDevice
cameraDevice.close();

4、开启预览

Camera2都是通过创建请求会话的方式进行调用的,具体说来:

  1. 调用mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW)方法创建CaptureRequest,调用
  2. mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession()方法创建CaptureSession。
CaptureRequest.Builder createCaptureRequest(@RequestTemplate int templateType)

createCaptureRequest()方法里参数templateType代表了请求类型,请求类型一共分为六种,分别为:

  • TEMPLATE_PREVIEW:创建预览的请求
  • TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE:创建一个适合于静态图像捕获的请求,图像质量优先于帧速率。
  • TEMPLATE_RECORD:创建视频录制的请求
  • TEMPLATE_VIDEO_SNAPSHOT:创建视视频录制时截屏的请求
  • TEMPLATE_ZERO_SHUTTER_LAG:创建一个适用于零快门延迟的请求。在不影响预览帧率的情况下最大化图像质量。
  • TEMPLATE_MANUAL:创建一个基本捕获请求,这种请求中所有的自动控制都是禁用的(自动曝光,自动白平衡、自动焦点)。
createCaptureSession(@NonNull List<Surface> outputs, @NonNull CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback callback, @Nullable Handler handler)

createCaptureSession()方法一共包含三个参数:

  • List outputs:我们需要输出到的Surface列表。
  • CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback callback:会话状态相关回调。
  • Handler handler:callback可以有多个(来自不同线程),这个handler用来区别那个callback应该被回调,一般写当前线程的Handler即可。

关于CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback里的回调方法:

  • onConfigured(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session); 摄像头完成配置,可以处理Capture请求了。
  • onConfigureFailed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session); 摄像头配置失败
  • onReady(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session); 摄像头处于就绪状态,当前没有请求需要处理。
  • onActive(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session); 摄像头正在处理请求。
  • onClosed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session); 会话被关闭
  • onSurfacePrepared(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session, @NonNull Surface surface); Surface准备就绪

理解了这些东西,创建预览请求就十分简单了。

previewRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_PREVIEW);
previewRequestBuilder.addTarget(workingSurface);

//注意这里除了预览的Surface,我们还添加了imageReader.getSurface()它就是负责拍照完成后用来获取数据的
mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(Arrays.asList(workingSurface, imageReader.getSurface()),
        new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onConfigured(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
                cameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest, captureCallback, backgroundHandler);
            }

            @Override
            public void onConfigureFailed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
                Log.d(TAG, "Fail while starting preview: ");
            }
        }, null);

可以发现,在onConfigured()里调用了cameraCaptureSession.setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest, captureCallback, backgroundHandler),这样我们就可以
持续的进行预览了。

注:上面我们说了添加了imageReader.getSurface()它就是负责拍照完成后用来获取数据,具体操作就是为ImageReader设置一个OnImageAvailableListener,然后在它的onImageAvailable()
方法里获取。

mImageReader.setOnImageAvailableListener(mOnImageAvailableListener, mBackgroundHandler);

private final ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener mOnImageAvailableListener
            = new ImageReader.OnImageAvailableListener() {

        @Override
        public void onImageAvailable(ImageReader reader) {
            //当图片可得到的时候获取图片并保存
            mBackgroundHandler.post(new ImageSaver(reader.acquireNextImage(), mFile));
        }

 };

5、关闭预览

关闭预览就是关闭当前预览的会话,结合上面开启预览的内容,具体实现如下:

if (captureSession != null) {
    captureSession.close();
    try {
        captureSession.abortCaptures();
    } catch (Exception ignore) {
    } finally {
        captureSession = null;
    }
}

6、拍照

拍照具体来说分为三步:

  1. 对焦
try {
    //相机对焦
    previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_START);
    //修改状态
    previewState = STATE_WAITING_LOCK;
    //发送对焦请求
    captureSession.capture(previewRequestBuilder.build(), captureCallback, backgroundHandler);
} catch (Exception ignore) {
}

我们定义了一个CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback来处理对焦请求返回的结果。

private CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback captureCallback = new CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback() {

    @Override
    public void onCaptureProgressed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session,
                                    @NonNull CaptureRequest request,
                                    @NonNull CaptureResult partialResult) {
    }

    @Override
    public void onCaptureCompleted(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session,
                                   @NonNull CaptureRequest request,
                                   @NonNull TotalCaptureResult result) {
            //等待对焦
            final Integer afState = result.get(CaptureResult.CONTROL_AF_STATE);
            if (afState == null) {
                //对焦失败,直接拍照
                captureStillPicture();
            } else if (CaptureResult.CONTROL_AF_STATE_FOCUSED_LOCKED == afState
                    || CaptureResult.CONTROL_AF_STATE_NOT_FOCUSED_LOCKED == afState
                    || CaptureResult.CONTROL_AF_STATE_INACTIVE == afState
                    || CaptureResult.CONTROL_AF_STATE_PASSIVE_SCAN == afState) {
                Integer aeState = result.get(CaptureResult.CONTROL_AE_STATE);
                if (aeState == null ||
                        aeState == CaptureResult.CONTROL_AE_STATE_CONVERGED) {
                    previewState = STATE_PICTURE_TAKEN;
                    //对焦完成,进行拍照
                    captureStillPicture();
                } else {
                    runPreCaptureSequence();
                }
            }
    }
};
  1. 拍照

我们定义了一个captureStillPicture()来进行拍照。

private void captureStillPicture() {
    try {
        if (null == mCameraDevice) {
            return;
        }
        
        //构建用来拍照的CaptureRequest
        final CaptureRequest.Builder captureBuilder =
                mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_STILL_CAPTURE);
        captureBuilder.addTarget(imageReader.getSurface());

        //使用相同的AR和AF模式作为预览
        captureBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE, CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_MODE_CONTINUOUS_PICTURE);
        //设置方向
        captureBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.JPEG_ORIENTATION, getPhotoOrientation(mCameraConfigProvider.getSensorPosition()));

        //创建会话
        CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback CaptureCallback = new CameraCaptureSession.CaptureCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onCaptureCompleted(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession session,
                                           @NonNull CaptureRequest request,
                                           @NonNull TotalCaptureResult result) {
                Log.d(TAG, "onCaptureCompleted: ");
            }
        };
        //停止连续取景
        captureSession.stopRepeating();
        //捕获照片
        captureSession.capture(captureBuilder.build(), CaptureCallback, null);

    } catch (CameraAccessException e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "Error during capturing picture");
    }
}
  1. 取消对焦

拍完照片后,我们还要解锁相机焦点,让相机恢复到预览状态。

try {
    //重置自动对焦
    previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_AF_TRIGGER_CANCEL);
    captureSession.capture(previewRequestBuilder.build(), captureCallback, backgroundHandler);
    //相机恢复正常的预览状态
    previewState = STATE_PREVIEW;
    //打开连续取景模式
    captureSession.setRepeatingRequest(previewRequest, captureCallback, backgroundHandler);
} catch (Exception e) {
    Log.e(TAG, "Error during focus unlocking");
}

7、开始视频录制

//先关闭预览,因为需要添加一个预览输出的Surface,也就是mediaRecorder.getSurface()
closePreviewSession();

//初始化MediaRecorder,设置相关参数
if (preparemediaRecorder()) {

    final SurfaceTexture texture = Camera2Manager.this.texture;
    texture.setDefaultBufferSize(videoSize.getWidth(), videoSize.getHeight());

    try {
        //构建视频录制aptureRequest
        previewRequestBuilder = mCameraDevice.createCaptureRequest(CameraDevice.TEMPLATE_RECORD);
        final List<Surface> surfaces = new ArrayList<>();

        //设置预览Surface
        final Surface previewSurface = workingSurface;
        surfaces.add(previewSurface);
        previewRequestBuilder.addTarget(previewSurface);

        //设置预览输出Surface
        workingSurface = mediaRecorder.getSurface();
        surfaces.add(workingSurface);
        previewRequestBuilder.addTarget(workingSurface);

        mCameraDevice.createCaptureSession(surfaces, new CameraCaptureSession.StateCallback() {
            @Override
            public void onConfigured(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
                captureSession = cameraCaptureSession;

                previewRequestBuilder.set(CaptureRequest.CONTROL_MODE, CameraMetadata.CONTROL_MODE_AUTO);
                try {
                    //持续发送Capture请求,实现实时预览。
                    captureSession.setRepeatingRequest(previewRequestBuilder.build(), null, backgroundHandler);
                } catch (Exception e) {
                }

                try {
                    //开始录像
                    mediaRecorder.start();
                } catch (Exception ignore) {
                    Log.e(TAG, "mediaRecorder.start(): ", ignore);
                }

                isVideoRecording = true;

                uiHandler.post(new Runnable() {
                    @Override
                    public void run() {
                        cameraVideoListener.onVideoRecordStarted(videoSize);
                    }
                });
            }

            @Override
            public void onConfigureFailed(@NonNull CameraCaptureSession cameraCaptureSession) {
                Log.d(TAG, "onConfigureFailed");
            }
        }, backgroundHandler);
    } catch (Exception e) {
        Log.e(TAG, "startVideoRecord: ", e);
    }
}

关于MediaRecorder上面讲Camera的时候我们就已经说过,这里不再赘述。

以上便是视频录制的全部内容,就是简单的API使用,还是比较简单的。

8、结束视频录制

结束视频录制主要也是关闭会话以及释放一些资源,具体说来:

  1. 关闭预览会话
  2. 停止mediaRecorder
  3. 释放mediaRecorder
//关闭预览会话
if (captureSession != null) {
    captureSession.close();
    try {
        captureSession.abortCaptures();
    } catch (Exception ignore) {
    } finally {
        captureSession = null;
    }
}

//停止mediaRecorder
if (mediaRecorder != null) {
    try {
        mediaRecorder.stop();
    } catch (Exception ignore) {
    }
}

//释放mediaRecorder
try {
    if (mediaRecorder != null) {
        mediaRecorder.reset();
        mediaRecorder.release();
    }
} catch (Exception ignore) {

} finally {
    mediaRecorder = null;
}

以上便是android5.0之后Camera2实践的相关内容