a = 2 b = a a = 'spam' print(a) # spam print(b) # 2 a = 3 b = a a += 2 print(a) # 5 print(b) # 3 a = [1,2,3] b = a a = 24 print(a) # 24 print(b) # [1, 2, 3] a = [1,2,3] b = a a[0] = 24 print(a) # [24, 2, 3] print(b) # [24, 2, 3] a = [1,2,3] b = a[:] a[0] = 24 print(a) # [24, 2, 3] print(b) # [1, 2, 3] aa = [1,2,3] bb = [1,2,3] print(a == b) # True print(a is b) # False a = 1 b = 1 print(a == b) # True print(a is b) # True import sys print(sys.getrefcount(1)) # 929 print(sys.getrefcount(['rdg','ehfg'])) # 1 a = 11111111111111116235443764 b = 11111111111111116235443764 print(a is b) # True print(sys.getrefcount(a)) # 4