spring @Async 线程池使用

最近公司项目正逐渐从dubbo向springCloud转型,在本次新开发的需求中,全部使用springcloud进行,在使用时线程池,考虑使用spring封装的线程池,现将本次使用心得及内容记录下来

一、线程池常规使用方式

之前使用线程池的方式,都是自己定义线程池,然后写多线程类,用线程池去调用,如下:

package cn.leadeon.message.client;

import cn.leadeon.comm.log.Log;
import cn.leadeon.message.req.MessageProducerReq;
import lombok.Data;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

/**
 * 流量消息发送类,线程池调用
 *
 * @author LiJunJun
 * @since 2018/9/30
 */
@Data
public class MessageClientSendMsg {

    /**
     * 日志记录器
     */
    private static final Log LOGGER = new Log(MessageClientSendMsg.class);

    /**
     * 线程池
     */
    private static ExecutorService threadPool;

    /**
     * trace
     */
    private String trace;

    /**
     * 手机号
     */
    private String cellNum;

    /**
     * 消息实体
     */
    private MessageProducerReq messageProducerReq;

    static {
        threadPool = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);
    }

    /**
     * 构造函数
     *
     * @param trace 请求流水
     * @param cellNum 电话号码
     * @param messageProducerReq 消息实体
     */
    public MessageClientSendMsg(String trace, String cellNum, MessageProducerReq messageProducerReq) {

        this.trace = trace;
        this.cellNum = cellNum;
        this.messageProducerReq = messageProducerReq;
    }

    /**
     * 消息发送
     */
    public void sendMsg() {

        SendMsgRunable sendMsgRunable = new SendMsgRunable();

        threadPool.execute(sendMsgRunable);
    }

    /**
     * 发送消息内部类并处理异常,不能影响主线程的业务
     */
    class SendMsgRunable implements Runnable {

        @Override
        public void run() {

            try {
                MessageClientProducer msgClintProducer = new MessageClientProducer();
                msgClintProducer.sendAsyncWithPartition(trace, cellNum, messageProducerReq);
            } catch (Exception e) {
                LOGGER.error("消息发送失败!,trace:" + trace);
            }
        }
    }
}

二、使用spring的线程池

  • 线程池的启用

  有两种方式,配置文件或者注解

  注解:使用@EnableAsync标注启用spring线程池,@Async将方法标注为异步方法,spring扫描到后,执行该方法时,会另起新线程去执行,非常简单

package cn.leadeon.message.test;

import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.EnableAsync;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

/**
 * @author LiJunJun
 * @since 2018/10/11
 */
@Component
@EnableAsync
public class AsyncTest {

    @Async
    public void test1() {

        System.out.println("异步执行test1!!!");
        System.out.println("线程id:" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());

    }

    @Async
    public void test2() {

        System.out.println("异步执行test2!!!");
        System.out.println("线程id:" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }

    @Async
    public void test3() {

        System.out.println("异步执行test3!!!");
        System.out.println("线程id:" + Thread.currentThread().getId());
        System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName());
    }
}

配置文件:新增spring的配置文件spring-threadpool.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
       xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
       xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" xmlns:jdbc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc"
       xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
       xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc" xmlns:task="http://www.springframework.org/schema/task"
       xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc http://www.springframework.org/schema/jdbc/spring-jdbc-3.1.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd
     http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.1.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/task http://www.springframework.org/schema/task/spring-task.xsd"
       default-autowire="byName">

    <description>流量消息spring线程池配置</description>

    <!-- 缺省的异步任务线程池 -->
    <task:annotation-driven executor="messageExecutor"/>
    <task:executor id="asyncExecutor" pool-size="100-10000" queue-capacity="10"/>

    <!-- 处理message的线程池 -->
    <task:executor id="messageExecutor" pool-size="15-50" queue-capacity="100" keep-alive="60"
                   rejection-policy="CALLER_RUNS"/>

</beans>

使用注解引入配置文件或者在自己的spring配置文件中import即可

package cn.leadeon.message.test;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.ImportResource;
import org.springframework.scheduling.annotation.Async; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; /** * @author LiJunJun * @since 2018/10/11 */ @Component @ImportResource("classpath:/config/spring-threadpool.xml") public class AsyncTest { @Async public void test1() { System.out.println("异步执行test1!!!"); System.out.println("线程id:" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); } @Async public void test2() { System.out.println("异步执行test2!!!"); System.out.println("线程id:" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); } @Async public void test3() { System.out.println("异步执行test3!!!"); System.out.println("线程id:" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); System.out.println("线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); } }

  配置文件可以自己配置线程池的相关参数,自己可以配置多个线程池,使用时,用@Async(value="beanId")区分即可

  注意点:
  @EnableAsync注解与<task:annotation-driven executor="messageExecutor"/>等价,两者只能使用其一,不然启动会报错

  • java编程方式配置自定义线程池,如下:
package cn.leadeon.message.base.threadpool;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor; import java.util.concurrent.Executor; import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor; /** * 流量消息线程池配置 * * @author LiJunJun * @since 2018/10/10 */ @Configuration public class ThreadPoolConfiguration { /** * 核心线程数:线程池创建时候初始化的线程数 */ @Value("${executor.core.pool.size}") private int corePoolSize; /** * 最大线程数:线程池最大的线程数,只有在缓冲队列满了之后才会申请超过核心线程数的线程 */ @Value("${executor.max.pool.size}") private int maxPoolSize; /** * 缓冲队列200:用来缓冲执行任务的队列 */ @Value("${executor.queue.capacity}") private int queueCapacity; /** * 允许线程的空闲时间(单位:秒):当超过了核心线程出之外的线程在空闲时间到达之后会被销毁 */ @Value("${executor.keepalive.Seconds}") private int keepAliveSeconds; /** * 线程池名的前缀:设置好了之后可以方便我们定位处理任务所在的线程池 */ @Value("${executor.thread.name.prefix}") private String threadNamePrefix; @Bean public Executor MessageExecutor() { ThreadPoolTaskExecutor executor = new ThreadPoolTaskExecutor(); executor.setCorePoolSize(corePoolSize); executor.setMaxPoolSize(maxPoolSize); executor.setQueueCapacity(queueCapacity); executor.setKeepAliveSeconds(keepAliveSeconds); executor.setThreadNamePrefix(threadNamePrefix); // 线程池对拒绝任务的处理策略:这里采用了CallerRunsPolicy策略,当线程池没有处理能力的时候,该策略会直接在 execute 方法的调用线程中运行被拒绝的任务;如果执行程序已关闭,则会丢弃该任务 executor.setRejectedExecutionHandler(new ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy()); executor.initialize(); return executor; } }

  • 测试

package cn.leadeon.message.test;

import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; /** * spring线程池单元测试 * * @author LiJunJun * @since 2018/10/11 */ public class TestSpringThreadPool extends JunitTestBase { @Autowired private AsyncTest asyncTest; /** * spring线程池单元测试 */ @Test public void testThreadPool() { System.out.println("主线程id:" + Thread.currentThread().getId()); System.out.println("主线程名称:" + Thread.currentThread().getName()); asyncTest.test1(); asyncTest.test2(); asyncTest.test3(); } }

测试结果:主线程和异步方法分别使用了不同的线程去调用,测试完成

java spring 清空线程池任务 spring线程池使用_线程池

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xml配置线程池的另一种方式

<!-- 线程池配置 -->
    <bean id="executor" class="org.springframework.scheduling.concurrent.ThreadPoolTaskExecutor">
        <!-- 核心线程数,默认为1 -->
        <property name="corePoolSize" value="10" />
        <!--最大线程数,默认为Integer.MAX_VALUE -->
        <property name="maxPoolSize" value="50" />
        <!--队列最大长度,一般需要设置值>=notifyScheduledMainExecutor.maxNum;默认为Integer.MAX_VALUE -->
        <property name="queueCapacity" value="10000" />
        <!--线程池维护线程所允许的空闲时间,默认为60s -->
        <property name="keepAliveSeconds" value="300" />
        <!--线程池对拒绝任务(无线程可用)的处理策略,目前只支持AbortPolicy、CallerRunsPolicy;默认为后者 
        1. CallerRunsPolicy :这个策略重试添加当前的任务,他会自动重复调用 execute() 方法,直到成功。
        2. AbortPolicy :超过队列最大数量后对拒绝的任务抛弃处理,并且抛出异常。
        -->
        <property name="rejectedExecutionHandler">
            <bean class="java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.CallerRunsPolicy" />
        </property>
    </bean>