ElasticSearch(7.2.2)-常⻅的字段类型

简介：常⻅的字段类型的介绍和使⽤

数据类型

• 核⼼数据类型
• 复杂数据类型
• 专⽤数据类型

核⼼数据类型

• 字符串
  • text:⽤于全⽂索引，该类型的字段将通过分词器进⾏分词
  • keyword:不分词，只能搜索该字段的完整的值
• 数值型
  • long, integer, short, byte, double, float, half_float, scaled_float
• 布尔 - boolean
• ⼆进制 - binary:该类型的字段把值当做经过 base64 编码的字符串，默认不存储，且不可搜索
• 范围类型
  • 范围类型表示值是⼀个范围，⽽不是⼀个具体的值
  • integer_range, float_range, long_range, double_range, date_range
  • 譬如 age 的类型是 integer_range，那么值可以是 {“gte” : 20, “lte” : 40}；搜索 “term” :{“age”: 21} 可以搜索该值
• ⽇期 - date
  • 由于Json没有date类型，所以es通过识别字符串是否符合format定义的格式来判断是否为date类型format默认为：strict_date_optional_time||epoch_millis
  • 格式:“2022-01-01” “2022/01/01 12:10:30” 这种字符串格式,从开始纪元（1970年1⽉1⽇0点） 开始的毫秒数,从开始纪元开始的秒数

示例

• PUT localhost:9200/nba/_mapping

{
	"properties": {
		"name": {
			"type": "text"
		},
		"team_name": {
			"type": "text"
		},
		"position": {
			"type": "text"
		},
		"play_year": {
			"type": "long"
		},
		"jerse_no": {
			"type": "keyword"
		},
		"title": {
			"type": "text"
		},
		"date": {
			"type": "date"
		}
	}
}

• POST localhost:9200/nba/_doc/4

 {
	 "name": "蔡x坤",
	 "team_name": "勇⼠",
	 "position": "得分后卫",
	 "play_year": 10,
	 "jerse_no": "31",
	 "title": "打球最帅的明星",
	 "date":"2020-01-01"
 }

• POST localhost:9200/nba/_doc/5

 {
	 "name": "杨超越",
	 "team_name": "猴急",
	 "position": "得分后卫",
	 "play_year": 10,
	 "jerse_no": "32",
	 "title": "打球最可爱的明星",
	 "date":1610350870
 }

• POST localhost:9200/nba/_doc/6

 {
	 "name": "吴亦凡",
	 "team_name": "湖⼈",
	 "position": "得分后卫",
	 "play_year": 10,
	 "jerse_no": "33",
	 "title": "最会说唱的明星",
	 "date":1641886870000
 }

复杂数据类型

• 数组类型 Array
  • ES中没有专⻔的数组类型, 直接使⽤[]定义即可，数组中所有的值必须是同⼀种数据类型, 不⽀持混合数据类型的数组:
  • 字符串数组 [ “one”, “two” ]
  • 整数数组 [ 1, 2 ]
• Object对象数组
  • [ { “name”: “Louis”, “age”: 18 }, { “name”: “Daniel”, “age”: 17 }]
  • 同⼀个数组只能存同类型的数据，不能混存，譬如 [ 10, “some string” ] 是错误的
• 对象类型 Object
  • 对象类型可能有内部对象

复杂数据类型-示例

• POST localhost:9200/nba/_doc/8

{
	"name": "吴亦凡",
	"team_name": "湖⼈",
	"position": "得分后卫",
	"play_year": 10,
	"jerse_no": "33",
	"title": "最会说唱的明星",
	"date": "1641886870",
	"array": [
		"one",
		"two"
	],
	"address": {
		"region": "China",
		"location": {
			"province": "GuangDong",
			"city": "GuangZhou"
		}
	}
}

• 索引方式

	 "address.region": "China",
	 "address.location.province": "GuangDong",
	 "address.location.city": "GuangZhou"

• POST localhost:9200/nba/_search

{
	"query": {
		"match": {
			"address.region": "china"
		}
	}
}

专用数据类型

• IP类型
  • IP类型的字段⽤于存储IPv4或IPv6的地址, 本质上是⼀个⻓整型字段.

POST localhost:9200/nba/_mapping

{
	"properties": {
		"name": {
			"type": "text"
		},
		"team_name": {
			"type": "text"
		},
		"position": {
			"type": "text"
		},
		"play_year": {
			"type": "long"
		},
		"jerse_no": {
			"type": "keyword"
		},
		"title": {
			"type": "text"
		},
		"date": {
			"type": "date"
		},
		"ip_addr": {
			"type": "ip"
		}
	}
}

PUT localhost:9200/nba/_doc/9

{
	 "name": "吴亦凡",
	 "team_name": "湖⼈",
	 "position": "得分后卫",
	 "play_year": 10,
	 "jerse_no": "33",
	 "title": "最会说唱的明星",
	 "ip_addr": "192.168.1.1" 
}

POST localhost:9200/nba/_search

{
	"query": {
		"term": {
			"ip_addr": "192.168.0.0/16" //
			192.168 .0 .0~192.168 .255 .255)
	}
}

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