【安卓实验】实验五、广播实验

【实验名称】实验五、广播实验
【实验目的】
1、了解使用Intent进行组件通信的原理；
2、了解Intent过滤器的原理和匹配机制；
3、掌握发送和接收广播的方法
【实验内容】
任务1、普通广播；
任务2、系统广播；
任务3、有序广播；

【实验要求】
1、练习使用静态方法和动态方法注册广播接收器
2、练习发送广播消息的方法；

（请完成如下部分）
【实验设计】

---

静态注册

动态注册

---

MainActivity.java

package com.example.test04_broadcast;

import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;

import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;

public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);


    }
    public void staticSys(View view){
        Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, StaticReceiver.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
    public void actionSys(View view){
        Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, ActionReceiver.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
    public void orderSys(View view){
        Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity.this, OrderReceiver.class);
        startActivity(intent);
    }
}

ActionReceiver.java

package com.example.test04_broadcast;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.IntentFilter;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

import androidx.annotation.Nullable;

public class ActionReceiver extends Activity {
    protected static final String ACTION =
            "com.eoeAndroid.broadcastReceiver.RECEIVER_ACTION";

    private MyReceiver myReceiver;
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.actionlayout);
    }
    public void sendAct(View view){
        Intent intent=new Intent();       //实例化Intent
        intent.setAction(ACTION);      //设置Intent的action属性
        intent.putExtra("info","动态方法");
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }
    public void register(View view){
        myReceiver = new MyReceiver();
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(ACTION);
        registerReceiver(myReceiver, filter);
    }
    public void unregister(View view){
        unregisterReceiver(myReceiver);
    }
}

MyOrderReceiverOne.java

package com.example.test04_broadcast;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;

public class MyOrderReceiverOne extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        System.out.println("我收到有序的啦");
    }
}

MyOrderReceiverTwo.java

package com.example.test04_broadcast;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;

public class MyOrderReceiverTwo extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        System.out.println("我收到有序的啦");
    }
}

MyOrderReceiverThree.java

package com.example.test04_broadcast;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;

public class MyOrderReceiverThree extends BroadcastReceiver {
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        System.out.println("我收到有序的啦");
    }
}

MyReceiver.java

package com.example.test04_broadcast;

import android.content.BroadcastReceiver;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.view.Gravity;
import android.widget.Toast;

public class MyReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
    public MyReceiver() {
    }
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        Toast t = Toast.makeText(context,"广播方式："+intent.getStringExtra("info"), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT);
        t.setGravity(Gravity.TOP,0,40);
        t.show();
    }
}

StaticReceiver.java

package com.example.test04_broadcast;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.ComponentName;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;

public class StaticReceiver extends Activity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.staticlayout);


    }
    public void send(View view){
        Intent intent = new Intent();
        //intent.setAction("com.eoeAndroid.broadcastReceiver.RECEIVER_ACTION");
        intent.putExtra("info","静态方法");
        intent.setComponent(new ComponentName(getPackageName(),"com.example.test04_broadcast.MyReceiver"));
        sendBroadcast(intent);
    }
}

actionlayout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".ActionReceiver">

    <Button
        android:id = "@+id/actBroadcast"
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "发送Broadcast"
        android:onClick="sendAct"
        />

    <Button
        android:id = "@+id/registerReceiver"
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "创建"
        android:onClick="register"
        />

    <Button
        android:id = "@+id/unregisterReceiver"
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "注销"
        android:onClick="unregister"
        />

</LinearLayout>

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">

    <Button
        android:id = "@+id/staticButton"
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "静态方法"
        android:onClick="staticSys"
        />

    <Button
        android:id = "@+id/actionButton"
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "动态方法"
        android:onClick="actionSys"
        />

    <Button
        android:id = "@+id/orderButton"
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "有序广播"
        android:onClick="orderSys"
        />

</LinearLayout>

orderlayout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".OrderReceiver">

    <Button
        android:id = "@+id/orderBroadcast"
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "发送Broadcast"
        android:onClick="sendOrd"
        />
</LinearLayout>

staticlayout.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    tools:context=".StaticReceiver">

    <Button
        android:id = "@+id/btnBroadcast"
        android:layout_width = "match_parent"
        android:layout_height = "wrap_content"
        android:text = "发送Broadcast"
        android:onClick="send"
        />
</LinearLayout>

【实验分析或心得】
静态注册的优点是无论应用程序是否处于运行状态，广播接受者都会对程序进行监听。并在清单文件中完成注册。动态注册是创建一个广播接收者，并在Activity中进行注册，动态注册的广播接收者的生命周期依赖于注册广播的组件。当Activity销毁时，广播接收者也被移除。