这里的信号量主要是在不同的进程之间使用。
需要四个操作
- P操作
- V操作
- 以及通过semctl调用command参数设置SETVAL来初始化信号量,在使用信号量之前必须要这么做.
- 并且可以通过semctl调用command设置为IPC_RMID来删除信号量ID:
因为库里没有定义union semun,因此需要自己定义.
用到信号量的三个函数
- semget 用来创建一个新信号量或者取得一个已有信号量的键
- semop 用来改变信号量的值
- semctl 用来直接控制信号量信息,比如semop之前必须先用semctl给个初值
<code class=" hljs cpp" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 'Source Code Pro', monospace;font-size:undefined; padding: 0.5em; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); border-top-left-radius: 0px; border-top-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-right-radius: 0px; border-bottom-left-radius: 0px; display: block; background-color: transparent !important;"><span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include<unistd.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include<stdlib.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include<stdio.h></span>
<span class="hljs-preprocessor" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">#include<sys/sem.h></span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">union</span> semun
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> val;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">struct</span> semid_ds *buf;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">short</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> *<span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">array</span>;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">struct</span> seminfo *__buf;
};
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> set_semvalue(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span> del_semvalue(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> semaphore_p(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> semaphore_v(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span>);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> sem_id;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> set_semvalue(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span>)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">union</span> semun sem_union;
sem_union.val=<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>;
semctl(sem_id,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>,SETVAL,sem_union);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span> del_semvalue(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span>)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">union</span> semun sem_union;
semctl(sem_id,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>,IPC_RMID,sem_union);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> semaphore_p(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span>)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">struct</span> sembuf sem_b;
sem_b.sem_num=<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
sem_b.sem_op=-<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>;
sem_b.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//auto release</span>
semop(sem_id,&sem_b,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">static</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> semaphore_v(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">void</span>)
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">struct</span> sembuf sem_b;
sem_b.sem_num=<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;
sem_b.sem_op=<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>;
sem_b.sem_flg=SEM_UNDO;<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//auto release</span>
semop(sem_id,&sem_b,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-comment" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 136, 136);">//main function</span>
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> main(<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> argc,<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">char</span> *agrv[])
{
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> i;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span> pause_time;
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">char</span> op_char=<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">'O'</span>;
srand((<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">unsigned</span> <span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">int</span>)getpid());
sem_id=semget((key_t)<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1234</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>,<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0666</span>|IPC_CREAT);
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">if</span>(argc><span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>)
{
set_semvalue();
op_char=<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">'X'</span>;
sleep(<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">2</span>);
}
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">for</span>(i=<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>;i<<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">10</span>;i++)
{
semaphore_p();
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">"%c"</span>,op_char);
fflush(stdout);
pause_time=rand()%<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">3</span>;
sleep(pause_time);
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">"%c"</span>,op_char);
fflush(stdout);
semaphore_v();
pause_time=rand()%<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">2</span>;
sleep(pause_time);
}
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">printf</span>(<span class="hljs-string" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(136, 0, 0);">"\n%d - finished\n"</span>,getpid());
<span class="hljs-keyword" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">if</span>(argc><span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">1</span>)
{
sleep(<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">10</span>);
del_semvalue();
}
<span class="hljs-built_in" style="box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: bold;">exit</span>(<span class="hljs-number" style="box-sizing: border-box; color: rgb(0, 136, 0);">0</span>);
}
</code>