TTS实现数据库迁移，具有速度快、支持跨平台和跨版本等优点。本文记录了用TTS从10g single迁移到11g RAC的过程。
Source数据库版本和字符集设置：
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bi
PL/SQL Release 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
CORE 10.2.0.4.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 10.2.0.4.0 - Production
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter in ('NLS_CHARACTERSET','NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET');
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ ------------------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET UTF8
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
Target数据库版本和字符集设置：
SQL> select * from v$version;
BANNER
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
CORE 11.2.0.3.0 Production
TNS for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
NLSRTL Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production
SQL> select * from nls_database_parameters where parameter in ('NLS_CHARACTERSET','NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET');
PARAMETER VALUE
------------------------------ --------------------
NLS_CHARACTERSET AL32UTF8
NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET AL16UTF16
1、检测平台差异
source：
SQL> SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMAT
2 FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE d
3 WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
---------------------------------------- --------------
Linux x86 64-bit Little
target：
SQL> SELECT d.PLATFORM_NAME, ENDIAN_FORMAT
2 FROM V$TRANSPORTABLE_PLATFORM tp, V$DATABASE d
3 WHERE tp.PLATFORM_NAME = d.PLATFORM_NAME;
PLATFORM_NAME ENDIAN_FORMAT
---------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------
Linux x86 64-bit Little
两者并无差异，无需进行平台格式转换。
2、Tablespace Self-Contained 检测
进行TTS的表空间必须满足自包含条件，如果不满足，则需要进行调整直至满足才可以进行TTS。
source：
SQL> EXECUTE DBMS_TTS.TRANSPORT_SET_CHECK('tbs_postmall_data,tbs_postmall_idx', TRUE);
PL/SQL procedure successfully completed.
SQL> SELECT * FROM TRANSPORT_SET_VIOLATIONS;
no rows selected出现0行，说明满足自包含条件。
3、Generate a Transportable Tablespace Set
生成TTS set之前，需要设置相关的表空间为read only模式。
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_postmall_data read only;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> alter tablespace tbs_postmall_idx read only;
Tablespace altered.
生成相关表空间的metadata dumpfile
oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/dump> expdp system dumpfile=postmall_metadata.dmp directory=dump
transport_tablespaces=tbs_postmall_data,tbs_postmall_idx logfile=tts_export.log;
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production on Thursday, 14 March, 2013 10:57:34
Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": system/******** dumpfile=postmall_metadata.dmp directory=dump transport_tablespaces=tbs_postmall_data,tbs_postmall_idx logfile=tts_export.log
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01 is:
/data/oracle/dump/postmall_metadata.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 10:57:51
4、Transport the Tablespace Set
把第三步生成的metadata dumpfile和相关表空间的datafile传输到target端。其中dumpfile传输到目标端的一个directory中，datafile则传送到一个临时目录(target为ASM存储)或者目标数据库的datafile目录(target为文件系统存储)。
oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/dump> scp postmall_metadata.dmp 172.24.138.101:/data/oracle/dump/
Password:
postmall_metadata.dmp 100% 260KB 260.0KB/s 00:00
oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/dump> cd ../oradata/postmall/
oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/oradata/postmall> scp tbs_postmall_* 172.24.138.101:/data/oracle/dump/
Password:
tbs_postmall_data01.dbf 100% 5120MB 33.0MB/s 02:35
tbs_postmall_data02.dbf 100% 5120MB 28.1MB/s 03:02
tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf 100% 5120MB 25.9MB/s 03:18
5、在目标端将datafile从文件系统传输至ASM中
不能直接用asm的cp命令来进行简单的复制，而需要用RMAN中的convert datafile功能来传输datafile
oracle@postmallrac1:/data/oracle/dump> ls -l
total 15744801
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle asmadmin 1216 2013-03-14 09:53 import.log
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 266240 2013-03-14 11:11 postmall_metadata.dmp
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 520192 2013-03-13 12:06 postmall_user.dmp
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5368717312 2013-03-14 11:14 tbs_postmall_data01.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5368717312 2013-03-14 11:17 tbs_postmall_data02.dbf
-rw-r----- 1 oracle oinstall 5368717312 2013-03-14 11:21 tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf
-rw-r--r-- 1 oracle asmadmin 1582 2013-03-14 09:51 tts_import.log
用RMAN进行convert datafile
oracle@postmallrac1:/data/oracle/dump> rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 14 11:26:51 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: POSTMALL (DBID=3816065011)
RMAN> convert DATAFILE '/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data01.dbf'
2> db_file_name_convert="/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data01.dbf","+DATA";
Starting conversion at target at 2013-03-14 11:27:22
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=1155 instance=postmall1 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/postmall/datafile/tbs_postmall_data.274.810041245
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:02:25
Finished conversion at target at 2013-03-14 11:29:50
RMAN> convert DATAFILE '/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data02.dbf'
2> db_file_name_convert="/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data02.dbf","+DATA";
Starting conversion at target at 2013-03-14 11:30:21
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_data02.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/postmall/datafile/tbs_postmall_data.275.810041421
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:02:45
Finished conversion at target at 2013-03-14 11:33:06
RMAN> convert DATAFILE '/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf'
2> db_file_name_convert="/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf","+DATA";
Starting conversion at target at 2013-03-14 12:19:58
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile conversion
input file name=/data/oracle/dump/tbs_postmall_idx01.dbf
converted datafile=+DATA/postmall/datafile/tbs_postmall_idx.273.810044399
channel ORA_DISK_1: datafile conversion complete, elapsed time: 00:02:35
Finished conversion at target at 2013-03-14 12:22:33
在asmcmd里可以看到添加进去的datafile
ASMCMD> ls -l
Type Redund Striped Time Sys Name
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y EXAMPLE.264.807814653
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 13 21:00:00 Y SYSAUX.257.807814555
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y SYSTEM.256.807814555
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y TBS_OGG.272.808070095
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 14 11:00:00 Y TBS_POSTMALL_DATA.274.810041245
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 14 11:00:00 Y TBS_POSTMALL_DATA.275.810041421
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 14 12:00:00 Y TBS_POSTMALL_IDX.273.810044399
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y TBS_ULECARD_DATA.270.807903909
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y TBS_ULECARD_IDX.271.807903973
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y UNDOTBS1.258.807814557
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE MAR 13 22:00:00 Y UNDOTBS2.265.807814821
DATAFILE UNPROT COARSE FEB 25 15:00:00 Y USERS.259.807814557
6、Import the Tablespace Set
导入表空间之前，先把用户创建好。
SQL> create user postmall_user identified by postmall_pwd account unlock;
SQL> grant connect,resource,dba to postmall_user;
SQL> exit
oracle@postmallrac1:/data/oracle/dump> impdp system dumpfile=postmall_metadata.dmp directory=dump
logfile=tts_import.log;
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 14 13:23:07 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01": system/******** dumpfile=postmall_metadata.dmp directory=dump transport_datafiles=+data/postmall/datafile/TBS_POSTMALL_DATA.274.810041245,+data/postmall/datafile/TBS_POSTMALL_DATA.275.810041421,+data/postmall/datafile/TBS_POSTMALL_IDX.273.810044399 logfile=tts_import.log
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/PLUGTS_BLK
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/GRANT/OWNER_GRANT/OBJECT_GRANT
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/COMMENT
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/INDEX/STATISTICS/FUNCTIONAL_AND_BITMAP/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TRANSPORTABLE_EXPORT/POST_INSTANCE/PLUGTS_BLK
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_TRANSPORTABLE_01" successfully completed at 13:23:43
7、导入用户的其他object
因为system表空无法进行TTS，所以postmall_user在system表空间的object，比如sequences、PL/SQL packages等就没法通过TTS来迁移。所以到了最后，还需要用Data Pump把其他object给迁移过来。
source端：
oracle@wls112:/data/oracle/dump> expdp system directory=dump schemas=postmall_user dumpfile=postmall_user.dmp;
Export: Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production on Thursday, 14 March, 2013 13:34:16
Copyright (c) 2003, 2007, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
FLASHBACK automatically enabled to preserve database integrity.
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01": system/******** directory=dump schemas=postmall_user exclude=table,index dumpfile=postmall_user.dmp
Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Total estimation using BLOCKS method: 0 KB
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
******************************************************************************
Dump file set for SYSTEM.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:
/data/oracle/dump/postmall_user.dmp
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 13:34:35
传送到target端，在target端导入：
oracle@postmallrac1:/data/oracle/dump> impdp system dumpfile=postmall_user.dmp directory=dump logfile=user_import.log
Import: Release 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on Thu Mar 14 13:36:46 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Password:
Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.3.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, Automatic Storage Management, OLAP,
Data Mining and Real Application Testing options
Master table "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01": system/******** dumpfile=postmall_user.dmp directory=dump logfile=user_import.log
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER
ORA-31684: Object type USER:"POSTMALL_USER" already exists
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLESPACE_QUOTA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/PROCEDURE
Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PROCEDURE/ALTER_PROCEDURE
ORA-39082: Object type ALTER_PROCEDURE:"POSTMALL_USER"."UPDATE_0124" created with compilation warnings
Job "SYSTEM"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 2 error(s) at 13:36:57
导入的时候，出现了两个错误，第一个"ORA-31684"是因为用户已经存在了，无需再导入。第二个错误"ORA-39082"是因为有个procedure编译告警，这个procedure已经废弃，无需理会。
用户postmall_user虽然已经创建，但是还需要手动修改该用户的default tablespace为新导入的TBS_POSTMALL_DATA
SQL> alter user postmall_user default tablespace tbs_postmall_data;
User altered.
8、检验数据
source端
SQL> show user
USER is "POSTMALL_USER"
SQL> select object_name,object_type,status from user_objects;
OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS
---------------------------------------- -------------------- -------
ORDER_LOTTERY TABLE VALID
PRIZE_RECORD TABLE VALID
IDX_OL_LOTTERY_TERM_END INDEX VALID
IDX_ORDER_LOTTERY_STATUS INDEX VALID
IDX_OL_LOTTERY_ONLYID_END INDEX VALID
IDX_LOTTERY_NO INDEX VALID
IDX_OL_ESCORDERID INDEX VALID
IDX_OL_USR_PHONE_TYPE INDEX VALID
PK_PRIZE_RECORD INDEX VALID
IDX_PR_MOBILE INDEX VALID
IDX_PR_UCNO INDEX VALID
IDX_PR_CREATE_DESC INDEX VALID
PK_T1 INDEX VALID
T1 TABLE VALID
UPDATE_0124 PROCEDURE INVALID
PK_ORDER_LOTTERY INDEX VALID
EMPLOYEES TABLE VALID
PK_EMPLOYEES INDEX VALID
IDX_EMPLOYEES_EMAIL INDEX VALID
CREATE_INDEX_CCLR PROCEDURE VALID
20 rows selected.
SQL> select count(*) from ORDER_LOTTERY;
COUNT(*)
----------
33330240
SQL> select count(*) from PRIZE_RECORD;
COUNT(*)
----------
111660
SQL> select count(*) from T1;
COUNT(*)
----------
2549760
SQL> select count(*) from employees;
COUNT(*)
----------
123
SQL> select EMPLOYEE_ID,FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME,EMAIL FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID<=10;
EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL
----------- -------------------- ------------------------- -------------------------
1 杰森 伯恩 124@gmail.com
2 勒布朗 詹姆斯 124@gmail.com
3 科比 布莱恩特 124@gmail.com
4 沙克 奥尼尔 124@gmail.com
5 蒂姆 邓肯 124@gmail.com
6 迈克尔 乔丹 124@gmail.com
7 摩西 马龙 124@gmail.com
8 乔治 布什 124@gmail.com
9 hello baby 124@gmail.com
10 jay 刘杰 124@gmail.com
10 rows selected.
target端：
SQL> show user
USER is "POSTMALL_USER"
SQL> select object_name,object_type,status from user_objects;
OBJECT_NAME OBJECT_TYPE STATUS
---------------------------------------- -------------------- ---------------------
UPDATE_0124 PROCEDURE INVALID
CREATE_INDEX_CCLR PROCEDURE VALID
IDX_PR_CREATE_DESC INDEX VALID
PK_T1 INDEX VALID
IDX_EMPLOYEES_EMAIL INDEX VALID
PK_EMPLOYEES INDEX VALID
IDX_PR_UCNO INDEX VALID
IDX_PR_MOBILE INDEX VALID
PK_PRIZE_RECORD INDEX VALID
IDX_OL_USR_PHONE_TYPE INDEX VALID
IDX_OL_ESCORDERID INDEX VALID
IDX_LOTTERY_NO INDEX VALID
IDX_OL_LOTTERY_ONLYID_END INDEX VALID
IDX_ORDER_LOTTERY_STATUS INDEX VALID
IDX_OL_LOTTERY_TERM_END INDEX VALID
PK_ORDER_LOTTERY INDEX VALID
T1 TABLE VALID
EMPLOYEES TABLE VALID
PRIZE_RECORD TABLE VALID
ORDER_LOTTERY TABLE VALID
20 rows selected.
SQL> select count(*) from ORDER_LOTTERY;
COUNT(*)
----------
33330240
SQL> select count(*) from PRIZE_RECORD;
COUNT(*)
----------
111660
SQL> select count(*) from T1;
COUNT(*)
----------
2549760
SQL> select count(*) from employees;
COUNT(*)
----------
123
SQL> select EMPLOYEE_ID,FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME,EMAIL FROM EMPLOYEES WHERE EMPLOYEE_ID<=10;
EMPLOYEE_ID FIRST_NAME LAST_NAME EMAIL
----------- ---------- ---------- ---------------
1 杰森 伯恩 124@gmail.com
2 勒布朗 詹姆斯 124@gmail.com
3 科比 布莱恩特 124@gmail.com
4 沙克 奥尼尔 124@gmail.com
5 蒂姆 邓肯 124@gmail.com
6 迈克尔 乔丹 124@gmail.com
7 摩西 马龙 124@gmail.com
8 乔治 布什 124@gmail.com
9 hello baby 124@gmail.com
10 jay 刘杰 124@gmail.com
10 rows selected.
数据均一致，中文也没有出现乱码。数据库迁移成功。
小结：
一、两边数据库的字符集(包括NLS_CHARACTERSET和NLS_NCHAR_CHARACTERSET)最好完全一样，如果不一样，也要保证source端的字符集是target端的字符集的真子集，还要加上一些限制，具体可以参考官方文档的说明。
二、在source端生成和传送TTS Set之前必须要设置相关表空间为read only模式。
三、如果从filesystem→filesystem,直接把datafile传输到目标数据库的datafile路径即可。如果从filesystem→asm，则需要多一RMAN的convert datafile操作。如果是asm→asm则还没进行测试。
