MySQL数据库备份和迁移,是DBA日常工作中,经常需要做的工作。备份一般由物理备份和逻辑备份两种,对于用xtrabackup进行物理备份来说,表数据和用户权限都会全部备份和恢复;如果是逻辑备份的话,用户数据和授权信息都需要单独的导出导入,用户数据直接用 mysqldump 工具导出导入即可,但mysql中用户权限不能直接导出导入,一个权限一个权限的处理,有比较麻烦。
所以编写一个mysql用户权限脚本,对源数据库中的用户授权信息进行导出,就非常必要了。只要有用户权限的授权sql,不论是平时备份,还是迁移时授权,都会很有用处。
mysql用户权限的获取,整体可以从mysql.user表来获取用户的相关权限来生成相应的SQL语句,然后在目标服务器上来执行生成的SQL语句即可。
1、创建导出用户权限的脚本
在源服务器上,创建一个用于导出用户权限的exp_grants.sh 脚本,脚本内容如下:
- #!/bin/bash
- #Function export user privileges
-
- source /etc/profile
-
- pwd=123456
- expgrants()
- {
- mysql -B -u'root' -p${pwd} -N -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( 'SHOW GRANTS FOR ''', user, '''@''', host, ''';' ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | \
- mysql -u'root' -p${pwd} -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock $@ | \
- sed 's/GRANT.∗GRANT.∗/\1;/;s/^Grantsfor.∗Grantsfor.∗/-- \1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}'
- }
-
- expgrants > ./grants.sql
这个导出脚本的整体思路是:分成三个步骤,用管道连接起来,前一步操作的结果,作为后一步操作的输入:
第一步先使用concat函数,查询mysql.user中的用户授权,并连接成一个show grants for 命令,执行命令时,加上 "-B -N"选项,让输出结果没有列名和方框,只是命令;
第二步将上一步的show grants for 命令,再次执行一次,得出mysql中每个授权对应的具体的GRANT授权命令;
第三步使用sed和正则表达式,将上一步的运行结果进行处理,在show grant for 行中加上注释前缀和一个空行,在具体授权的GRANT行中结尾加一个分号,形成可以执行的sql授权命令。
其中正则表达式添加和修改如下,红色为选择行条件,紫色为添加和修改的内容:
sed 's/
GRANT.∗GRANT.∗
/\1;/
;
s/
^Grantsfor.∗Grantsfor.∗
/
--
\1 /;/
--/{x;p;x;}
'
2、在源服务器上执行上面脚本,生成授予权限的SQL脚本
# ./exp_grants.sh
# cat grants.sql
上面两个步骤操作在我的测试环境中为:
- [root@test07 tmp]# > grants.sql
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]# cat exp_grants.sh
- #!/bin/bash
- #Function export user privileges
-
- source /etc/profile
-
- pwd=123456
- expgrants()
- {
- mysql -B -u'root' -p${pwd} -N -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock $@ -e "SELECT CONCAT( 'SHOW GRANTS FOR ''', user, '''@''', host, ''';' ) AS query FROM mysql.user" | \
- mysql -u'root' -p${pwd} -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock $@ | \
- sed 's/GRANT.∗GRANT.∗/\1;/;s/^Grantsfor.∗Grantsfor.∗/-- \1 /;/--/{x;p;x;}'
- }
-
- expgrants > ./grants.sql
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]# ./exp_grants.sh
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]# cat grants.sql
-
- -- Grants for root@127.0.0.1
- GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'127.0.0.1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' WITH GRANT OPTION;
-
- -- Grants for wgphp@192.168.%.%
- GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'wgphp'@'192.168.%.%';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, EXECUTE ON `test`.* TO 'wgphp'@'192.168.%.%';
-
- -- Grants for root@192.168.226.163
- GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'192.168.226.163' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9';
-
- -- Grants for test@192.168.226.163
- GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'192.168.226.163' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `test04`.* TO 'test'@'192.168.226.163';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `test03`.* TO 'test'@'192.168.226.163';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `test01`.* TO 'test'@'192.168.226.163';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `test02`.* TO 'test'@'192.168.226.163';
-
- -- Grants for root@::1
- GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'::1' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' WITH GRANT OPTION;
-
- -- Grants for root@localhost
- GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9' WITH GRANT OPTION;
- GRANT PROXY ON ''@'' TO 'root'@'localhost' WITH GRANT OPTION;
-
- -- Grants for test@localhost
- GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'test'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*6BB4837EB74329105EE4568DDA7DC67ED2CA2AD9';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `test04`.* TO 'test'@'localhost';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `test01`.* TO 'test'@'localhost';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `test02`.* TO 'test'@'localhost';
- GRANT SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, CREATE, DROP, INDEX, ALTER ON `test03`.* TO 'test'@'localhost';
- [root@test07 tmp]#
3、在目标服务器上执行授予权限的SQL脚本,进行授权
将生成的脚本在目标服务器上执行即可:
mysql -uname -ppwd < grants.sql
或者先登录到mysql客户端,在用source命令执行:
mysql -uname -ppwd -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock
mysql> source /tmp/grants.sql
mysql> flush privileges;
需要注意:
a、目标服务上为非空服务器,已经存在一些账户及权限应考虑会覆盖的问题。
b、如果仅仅需要迁移非root用户,可以在原脚本中添加过滤条件,即 where user<>'root' 。
c、由于测试环境中mysql的端口、socket、用户密码等不一定是默认配置,mysql连接时需要根据情况修改。
d、第三步在目标服务器上执行了授予权限的sql脚本后,记得要执行 flush privileges; 才能够让授权生效。
第三步的测试过程为:
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]# mysql -B -u'root' -p123456 -N -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock -e "select user,host from mysql.user;"
- root 127.0.0.1
- wgphp 192.168.%.%
- root 192.168.226.163
- test 192.168.226.163
- root ::1
- root localhost
- test localhost
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]# mysql -u'root' -p123456 -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock -e "select user,host from mysql.user;"
- +-------+-----------------+
- | user | host |
- +-------+-----------------+
- | root | 127.0.0.1 |
- | wgphp | 192.168.%.% |
- | root | 192.168.226.163 |
- | test | 192.168.226.163 |
- | root | ::1 |
- | root | localhost |
- | test | localhost |
- +-------+-----------------+
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]# mysql -u'root' -p123456 -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock -e "delete from mysql.user where user<>'root';select user,host from mysql.user;"
- +------+-----------------+
- | user | host |
- +------+-----------------+
- | root | 127.0.0.1 |
- | root | 192.168.226.163 |
- | root | ::1 |
- | root | localhost |
- +------+-----------------+
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]# mysql -u'root' -p123456 -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock < /tmp/grants.sql
- [root@test07 tmp]#
- [root@test07 tmp]# mysql -u'root' -p123456 -S /data/mysql_3306/tmp/mysql.sock -e "flush privileges;select user,host from mysql.user;"
- +-------+-----------------+
- | user | host |
- +-------+-----------------+
- | root | 127.0.0.1 |
- | wgphp | 192.168.%.% |
- | root | 192.168.226.163 |
- | test | 192.168.226.163 |
- | root | ::1 |
- | root | localhost |
- | test | localhost |
- +-------+-----------------+
-