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linux上安装Docker

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前言

很多同学一看到docker,就说,这个我知道,不就是DOTA 2 游戏吗?这个我天天玩,

大哥,麻烦你看清楚好不好,别宝里宝气的,好不咯,哈哈哈哈

Docker 是一个开源的应用容器引擎，让开发者可以打包他们的应用以及依赖包到一个可移植的镜像中，然后发布到任何流行的 Linux或Windows 机器上，也可以实现虚拟化。容器是完全使用沙箱机制，相互之间不会有任何接口。

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提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考

一、虚拟化技术

二.云计算

1.云的分类:

2.IasS和PaaS

三.实验操作:

环境准备:
准备一台全新的centos8的系统
或者Ubuntu 20 server的系统

1.到底使用那个系统？

centos --》有结束日期
centos linux8 --》2021-12-31
centos linux7 --》2024-6-30

centos 是开源的，并且免费

RHEL9 --》red hat  enterprice  linux  9

red hat 开源，但是收费的  --》商业版本

centos 被red hat收购 ---》centos 成了redhat的试验场

 Ubuntu 
 		cali@sanchuang:~/fabric/scripts$ cat /etc/issue
		Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS \n \l

		cali@sanchuang:~/fabric/scripts$
 debian

centos8.4.2105 -->2c/4G/100G
root账号已经比禁用了–》设置密码就启用了

ubuntu20.04.2 -->2c/4G/100G

2.docker 是什么?

(1)docker --》是一个软件，使用GO语言开发的一个软件, 对容器进行管理容器管理软件

集装箱 装货物 ： --》容器 container --》把一个进程装到容器里 --》控制这个进程的资源消耗（cpu，内存）

(2)hypervisor ：超级监督者；管理程序

VMware 是美国一个虚拟化厂商 --》VMware（威睿） 是全球桌面到数据中心虚拟化解决方案的领导厂商。

VMware ESXi：专门构建的裸机 Hypervisor

(3)裸机： 没有安装系统的机器
裸机 --》VMware ESXi
VMWARE workstation --》 入门级的虚拟化软件 --》低端的

微服务 --》docker

说到底,其实docker的一个容器，背后就是一个进程

(4)Engine 引擎： 核心的部件

具体操作:

在centos8安装

[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname sc-docker
[root@localhost ~]# su - root
上一次登录：二 8月 10 15:27:37 CST 2021从 192.168.0.189pts/0 上
[root@sc-docker ~]#

[root@sc-docker ~]# cat /etc/centos-release
CentOS Linux release 8.4.2105
[root@sc-docker ~]#

**## ****

1.卸载旧版本的docker

\ 续行符号： 继续到下一行

yum remove docker \
                  docker-client \
                  docker-client-latest \
                  docker-common \
                  docker-latest \
                  docker-latest-logrotate \
                  docker-logrotate \
                  docker-engine


#The Docker Engine package is now called docker-ce.

[root@sc-docker ~]# yum install -y yum-utils

2.添加yum仓库文件

添加docker官方的yum仓库文件，一会儿我们需要去docker官方的yum仓库下载软件

[root@sc-docker ~]# yum-config-manager \

--add-repo \ https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

添加仓库自：https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@sc-docker ~]#

添加阿里云的镜像docker仓库 ---》推荐使用
[root@sc-docker ~]# yum-config-manager \

--add-repo \ http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo

添加仓库自：http://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@sc-docker ~]#
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/  存放所有的yum仓库文件的
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# ls
CentOS-Linux-AppStream.repo          CentOS-Linux-Devel.repo             CentOS-Linux-Media.repo       docker-ce.repo
CentOS-Linux-BaseOS.repo             CentOS-Linux-Extras.repo            CentOS-Linux-Plus.repo
CentOS-Linux-ContinuousRelease.repo  CentOS-Linux-FastTrack.repo         CentOS-Linux-PowerTools.repo
CentOS-Linux-Debuginfo.repo          CentOS-Linux-HighAvailability.repo  CentOS-Linux-Sources.repo
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]#
 docker-ce.repo 就是我们刚刚下载的

3.安装docker

[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# yum install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y

4.启动docker，并且设置docker开机启动

[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# systemctl start docker
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# systemctl enable docker
Created symlink /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/docker.service → /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service.
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]#
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# ps aux|grep docker
root       16210  0.4  2.0 1368904 79400 ?       Ssl  17:29   0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd-H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
root       16363  0.0  0.0  12348  1112 pts/0    S+   17:30   0:00 grep --color=auto docker
[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]#

5.测试运行一个docker容器

[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]# docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
b8dfde127a29: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:df5f5184104426b65967e016ff2ac0bfcd44ad7899ca3bbcf8e44e4461491a9e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https:///

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

[root@sc-docker yum.repos.d]#

Ubuntu里安装docker

https://docs.docker.com/engine/install/ubuntu/

cali@sanchuang-server:~$ cat /etc/issue
Ubuntu 20.04.2 LTS \n \l

cali@sanchuang-server:~$
卸载旧的docker
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine  containerd runc
[sudo] password for cali:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
E: Unable to locate package docker-engine
cali@sanchuang-server:~$

cali@sanchuang-server:~$ sudo apt-get update  更新系统里的所有的能更新的软件

6.安装几个工具软件

cali@sanchuang-server:~$sudo apt-get install \
    apt-transport-https \
    ca-certificates \
    curl \
    gnupg \
    lsb-release

curl 是字符界面的浏览器

gpgkey 是用来验证软件的真伪 --》防伪的
cali@sanchuang-server:~$  curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
cali@sanchuang-server:~$

cali@sanchuang-server:~$  echo \

"deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu
$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null cali@sanchuang-server:~$

cali@sanchuang-server:~$ sudo apt-get update 再次更新系统
Hit:1 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal InRelease
Get:2 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal InRelease [52.1 kB]
Hit:3 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-updates InRelease
Get:4 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-backports InRelease [101 kB]
Get:5 https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu focal/stable amd64 Packages [10.7 kB]
Get:6 http://cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu focal-security InRelease [114 kB]
Fetched 277 kB in 3s (95.9 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done

7.安装docker-ce软件

cali@sanchuang-server:~$sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io -y

**(1)自动启动docker**

cali@sanchuang-server:~$ ps aux|grep docker
root        3659  0.8  1.9 1309896 78164 ?       Ssl  09:39   0:00 /usr/bin/dockerd -H fd:// --containerd=/run/containerd/containerd.sock
cali        4816  0.0  0.0   6432   736 pts/0    S+   09:40   0:00 grep --color=auto docker
cali@sanchuang-server:~$

**(2)测试**
cali@sanchuang-server:~$ sudo docker run hello-world
Unable to find image 'hello-world:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from library/hello-world
b8dfde127a29: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:df5f5184104426b65967e016ff2ac0bfcd44ad7899ca3bbcf8e44e4461491a9e
Status: Downloaded newer image for hello-world:latest

Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.

To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
 1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
 2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
    (amd64)
 3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
    executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
 4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
    to your terminal.

To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
 $ docker run -it ubuntu bash

Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
 https:///

For more examples and ideas, visit:
 https://docs.docker.com/get-started/

**cali@sanchuang-server:~$

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总结:

1.本篇文章只是简单地介绍了什么是docker,教你如何在Centos安装docker,简单易上手.

2.我个人对于docker的理解就是,它就像一个海量的APP store,只是它不像手机上,我安装了微信就可以马上去视频,docker需要去pull images,是很方便的,像常用的python和MySQL上面都有,只有你想不到的,没有它没有的.