Linux学习第三周练习

1、显示/etc目录下，以非字母开头，后面跟了一个字母以及其它任意长度任意字符的文件或目录

[root@CentOS8 ~]#find /etc -name "[^[:alpha:]][[:alpha:]]*" /etc/skel/.bash_logout /etc/skel/.bash_profile /etc/skel/.bashrc /etc/cron.hourly/0anacron /etc/cron.d/0hourly /etc/selinux/targeted/.policy.sha512 /etc/.pwd.lock /etc/.updated

2、复制/etc下所有以p开头，以非数字结尾的文件或目录到/tmp/mytest1目录

[root@CentOS8 ~]#mkdir /tmp/mytest1 [root@CentOS8 ~]#find /etc -name "p*[^0-9]" ( -type d -o -type f )| xargs -i cp -r {} /tmp/mytest1

3、将/etc/issue中的内容转换为大写后保存至/tmp/issue.out文件中

[root@yum-server test2]#cat /etc/issue \S Kernel \r on an \m

[root@yum-server test2]#cat /etc/issue | tr 'a-z' 'A-Z' >/tmp/issue.out [root@yum-server test2]#cat /tmp/issue.out \S KERNEL \R ON AN \M

[root@yum-server test2]#

4、请总结描述用户和组管理类命令的使用方法并完成以下练习：

(1) 创建组distro，其GID为2019 [root@yum-server ~]#groupadd -g 2019 distro (2) 创建用户mandriva，其ID号为1005；基本组为distro； [root@yum-server ~]#useradd -u 1005 -g distro mandriva [root@yum-server ~]#getent passwd mandriva mandriva:x:1005:2019::/home/mandriva:/bin/bash [root@yum-server ~]#id mandriva uid=1005(mandriva) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro) (3) 创建用户mageia，其ID号为1100，家目录为/home/linux； [root@yum-server ~]#useradd -u 1100 -d /home/linux mageia [root@yum-server ~]#getent passwd mageia mageia:x:1100:1100::/home/linux:/bin/bash [root@yum-server ~]#id mageia uid=1100(mageia) gid=1100(mageia) groups=1100(mageia) (4) 给用户mageia添加密码，密码为mageedu，并设置用户密码7天后过期 [root@yum-server ~]#echo "mageedu"|passwd -x 7 --stdin mageia Adjusting aging data for user mageia. passwd: Success [root@yum-server ~]#chage -l mageia Last password change : Dec 14, 2020 Password expires : Dec 21, 2020 Password inactive : never Account expires : never Minimum number of days between password change : 0 Maximum number of days between password change : 7 Number of days of warning before password expires : 7 [root@yum-server ~]#getent shadow mageia mageia:!!:18610:0:7:7::: (5) 删除mandriva，但保留其家目录 [root@yum-server ~]#ll /home total 0 drwx------ 2 mageia mageia 62 Dec 14 10:57 linux drwx------. 2 lirui lirui 62 Nov 29 23:02 lirui drwx------ 2 mandriva distro 62 Dec 14 10:55 mandriva [root@yum-server ~]#userdel mandriva [root@yum-server ~]#ll /home total 0 drwx------ 2 mageia mageia 62 Dec 14 10:57 linux drwx------. 2 lirui lirui 62 Nov 29 23:02 lirui drwx------ 2 1005 distro 62 Dec 14 10:55 mandriva [root@yum-server ~]#id mandriva id: mandriva: no such user (6) 创建用户slackware，其ID号为2002，基本组为distro，附加组peguin; [root@yum-server ~]#useradd -u 2002 -g distro -G peguin slackware [root@yum-server ~]#id slackware uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin) (7) 修改slackware的默认shell为/bin/tcsh； [root@yum-server ~]#getent passwd slackware slackware:x:2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/bash [root@yum-server ~]#usermod -s /bin/tcsh slackware [root@yum-server ~]#getent passwd slackware slackware:x:2002:2019::/home/slackware:/bin/tcsh (8) 为用户slackware新增附加组admins，并设置不可登录； [root@yum-server ~]#id slackware uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin) [root@yum-server ~]#getent group admins || groupadd admins;usermod -aG admins -s /sbin/nologin slackware [root@yum-server ~]#id slackware uid=2002(slackware) gid=2019(distro) groups=2019(distro),2020(peguin),2021(admins)

5、创建用户user1、user2、user3，在/data下创建目录/test

(1) 目录/data/test属主、属组为user1 [root@yum-server ~]#echo user{1..3}|xargs -n1 useradd [root@yum-server ~]#mkdir -p /data/test mkdir -p /data/test chown -R user1:user1 test (2) 在目录属主、属组不变的情况下，user2对目录有读写权限 [root@yum-server ~]setfacl -m u:user2:rw- /data/test [root@yum-server ~]#getfacl /data/test getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names file: data/test owner: user1 group: user1 user::rwx user:user2:rw- group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x (3) user1在/data/test目录下创建文件a1.sh，a2.sh，a3.sh，a4.sh，设置所有用户都不可删除1.sh、2.sh文件，除了user1及root外，所有用户都不可删除a3.sh、a4.sh [root@yum-server data]#su user1 [user1@yum-server data]$cd test [user1@yum-server test]$touch a{1..4}.sh [user1@yum-server test]$ll total 0 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Dec 14 12:23 a1.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Dec 14 12:23 a2.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Dec 14 12:23 a3.sh -rw-rw-r-- 1 user1 user1 0 Dec 14 12:23 a4.sh [root@yum-server test]#chattr +i a1.sh a2.s [root@yum-server test]#lsattr * ----i----------- a1.sh ----i----------- a2.sh ---------------- a3.sh ---------------- a4.sh [root@yum-server data]#chmod o+t test [root@yum-server data]#ll -d test drwxrwxr-t+ 2 user1 user1 58 Dec 14 12:23 test (4) user3增加附加组user1，同时要求user1不能访问/data/test目录及其下所有文件 [root@yum-server test]#id user3 uid=2005(user3) gid=2005(user3) groups=2005(user3) [root@yum-server test]#usermod -aG user1 user3 [root@yum-server test]#id user3 uid=2005(user3) gid=2005(user3) groups=2005(user3),2003(user1) [root@yum-server data]#setfacl -m u:user1:- /data/test [root@yum-server data]#getfacl /data/test getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names file: data/test owner: user1 group: user1 flags: --t user::rwx user:user1:--- user:user2:rw- group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x (5) 清理/data/test目录及其下所有文件的权限 [root@yum-server data]#setfacl -b /data/test