6.OpenFeign服务接口调用
6.1.概述
6.1.1.OpenFeign是什么
Feign是一个声明式的web服务客户端,让编写web服务客户端变得非常容易,只需创建一个接口并在接口上添加注解即可
SpringCloud对Feign进行了封装,使其支持了SpringMVC标准注解和HttpMessageConverters。Feign可以与Eureka和Ribbon组合使用以支持负载均衡。
6.1.2.能干嘛
Feign能干什么?
Feign旨在使用编写Java Http客户端变得更容易。
前面在使用Ribbon+RestTemplate时,利用RestTemplate对Http请求的封装处理,形成了一套模板化的调用方法。
但是在实际开发中,由于对服务依赖的调用可能不止一处,往往一个接口会被多处调用,所以通常都会针对每个微服务自行封装一些客户端类来包装这些依赖服务端额调用。所以,Feign在此基础上做了进一步封装,由他来帮助我们定义和实现依赖服务接口的定义。
在Feign的实现下,我们只需创建一个接口并使用注解的方式来配置它(以前是DAO接口上面标注Mapper注解,现在是一个微服务接口上面标注一个Feign注解即可),即可完成对服务提供方的接口绑定,简化了使用Spring Cloud Ribbon时,自动封装服务调用客户端的开发量。
Feign集成了 Ribbon
利用Ribbon维护了Payment的服务列表信息,并且通过轮询实现了客户端的负载均衡。而与Ribbon不同的是,通过Feign只需要定义服务绑定接口且以声明式的方法,优雅而简单的实现了服务调用。
Feign和OpenFeign两者区别
6.2.OpenFeign使用步骤
6.2.1.接口+注解
微服务调用接口+@FeignClient
6.2.2.新建Module:cloud-consumer-feign-order80
6.2.3.POM
注意:openFeign也是自带bibbon
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<parent>
<artifactId> cloud-parent</artifactId>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
</parent>
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<artifactId>cloud-consumer-feign-order80</artifactId>
<dependencies>
<!--openfeign-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.atguigu.springcloud</groupId>
<artifactId>cloud-api-commons</artifactId>
<version>${project.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuator</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
<scope>runtime</scope>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<optional>true</optional>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
6.2.4.YML
server:
port: 80
spring:
application:
name: cloud-consumer-feign-order80
eureka:
client:
register-with-eureka: true
fetch-registry: true
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:7001/eureka
6.2.5.主启动类
package com.atguigu.springcloud;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.EnableFeignClients;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableFeignClients
public class OrderFeignMain80 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(OrderFeignMain80.class,args);
}
}
6.2.6.业务类
1.业务逻辑接口+@FeignClient配置调用provider服务
2.新建PaymentFeignService接口并新增注解@FeignClient
package com.atguigu.springcloud.service;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import feign.Param;
import org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.FeignClient;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-PAYMENT-SERVICE")
public interface PaymentFeignService {
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id);
}
3.控制层Controller
package com.atguigu.springcloud.controller;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.CommonResult;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.entities.Payment;
import com.atguigu.springcloud.service.PaymentFeignService;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import javax.annotation.Resource;
@RestController
public class OrderFeignController {
@Resource
private PaymentFeignService paymentFeignService; //调用远程的微服接口
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/get/{id}")
public CommonResult<Payment> getPaymentById(@PathVariable("id") Long id){
return paymentFeignService.getPaymentById(id);
}
}
6.2.7.测试
1.先启动Eureka7001
2.再启动2个微服务8001/8002
3.启动OpenFeign微服务:cloud-consumer-feign-order80
4.http://localhost/consumer/payment/get/31
5.Feign自带负载均衡配置项
6.2.8.小总结
6.3.OpenFeign超时控制
6.3.1.超时设置,故意设置超时演示出错情况
1.服务提供方8001故意写暂停程序
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout(){
try { TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(3); }catch (Exception e) {e.printStackTrace();} //单位秒
return serverPort;
}
2.服务消费方80添加超时方法PaymentFeignService
@GetMapping(value = "/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout();
3.服务消费方80添加超时方法OrderFeignController
@GetMapping(value = "/consumer/payment/feign/timeout")
public String paymentFeignTimeout(){
return paymentFeignService.paymentFeignTimeout();
}
4.测试
http://localhost/consumer/payment/feign/timeout 错误页面,OpenFeign默认等待一秒钟,超过后报错
6.3.2.是什么
默认Feign客户端只等待一秒钟,但是,服务端处理需要超过1秒钟,导致Feign客户端不想等待了,直接报错。
为了避免这样的情况,有时候我们需要设置Feign客户端的超时控制,也即Ribbon的超时时间,因为Feign集成了Ribbon进行负载均衡。
6.3.3.YML中需要开启OpenFeign客户端超时控制
Feign设置超时时间
使用Feign调用接口分两层,ribbon的调用和hystrix的调用,所以ribbon的超时时间和Hystrix的超时时间的结合就是Feign的超时时间
#设置Feign客户端超时时间(openfeign默认支持ribbon)
ribbon:
ReadTimeout: 3000
ConnectTimeout: 3000