#进阶5:分组查询

 

/*

语法:

 

select 查询列表

from 表

【where 筛选条件】

 

 group by 分组的字段

 

【order by 排序的字段】;

 

特点:

1、和分组函数一同查询的字段必须是group by后出现的字段

 

2、筛选分为两类:分组前筛选和分组后筛选

 

                   针对的表                         位置                      连接的关键字

分组前筛选    原始表                            group by前           where

    

分组后筛选    group by后的结果集        group by后          having

 

问题1:分组函数做筛选能不能放在where后面

答:不能

 

问题2:where——group by——having

 

一般来讲,能用分组前筛选的,尽量使用分组前筛选,提高效率

 

3、分组可以按单个字段也可以按多个字段

 

4、可以搭配着排序使用

 

*/
 
 
#引入:查询每个部门的员工个数
 
SELECT COUNT(*) FROM employees WHERE department_id=90;
 
#1.简单的分组
#案例1:查询每个工种的员工平均工资
 
SELECT AVG(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;
 
#案例2:查询每个位置的部门个数
 
SELECT COUNT(*),location_id
FROM departments
GROUP BY location_id;
 
#2、可以实现分组前的筛选
#案例1:查询邮箱中包含a字符的每个部门的最高工资
 
SELECT MAX(salary),department_id
FROM employees
WHERE email LIKE '%a%'
GROUP BY department_id;
 
#案例2:查询有奖金的每个领导手下员工的平均工资
 
SELECT AVG(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id;
 
#3、分组后筛选
#案例:查询哪个部门的员工个数>5
 
#①查询每个部门的员工个数
 
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id;
 
#② 筛选刚才①结果
 
SELECT COUNT(*),department_id
FROM employees
 
GROUP BY department_id
 
HAVING COUNT(*)>5;
 
#案例2:每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>12000的工种编号和最高工资
 
SELECT job_id,MAX(salary)
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING MAX(salary)>12000;
 
#案例3:领导编号>102的每个领导手下的最低工资大于5000的领导编号和最低工资
 
manager_id>102
 
SELECT manager_id,MIN(salary)
FROM employees
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>5000;
 
#4.添加排序
#案例:每个工种有奖金的员工的最高工资>6000的工种编号和最高工资,按最高工资升序
 
SELECT job_id,MAX(salary) m
FROM employees
WHERE commission_pct IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY job_id
HAVING m>6000
ORDER BY m ;
 
#5.按多个字段分组
#案例:查询每个工种每个部门的最低工资,并按最低工资降序
 
SELECT MIN(salary),job_id,department_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id,job_id
ORDER BY MIN(salary) DESC;

 

#1.查询各job_id的员工工资的最大值,最小值,平均值,总和,并按job_id升序
 
SELECT MAX(salary),MIN(salary),AVG(salary),SUM(salary),job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id
ORDER BY job_id;
 
#2.查询员工最高工资和最低工资的差距(DIFFERENCE)
 
SELECT MAX(salary)-MIN(salary) DIFFRENCE
FROM employees;
 
#3.查询各个管理者手下员工的最低工资,其中最低工资不能低于6000,没有管理者的员工不计算在内
 
SELECT MIN(salary),manager_id
FROM employees
WHERE manager_id IS NOT NULL
GROUP BY manager_id
HAVING MIN(salary)>=6000;
 
#4.查询所有部门的编号,员工数量和工资平均值,并按平均工资降序
 
SELECT department_id,COUNT(*),AVG(salary) a
FROM employees
GROUP BY department_id
ORDER BY a DESC;
 
#5.选择具有各个job_id的员工人数
 
SELECT COUNT(*) 个数,job_id
FROM employees
GROUP BY job_id;