- 1.MySQL权限作用
- 2.帮助信息
- 3.权限相关表(mysql)
1.MySQL权限作用
- 可以限制用户访问哪些库、哪些表
- 可以限制用户对哪些表执行SELECT、CREATE、DELETE、DELETE、ALTER等操作
- 可以限制用户登录的IP或域名
- 可以限制用户自己的权限是否可以授权给别的用户
2.帮助信息
mysql> help account management;
You asked for help about help category: "Account Management"
For more information, type 'help ', where is one of the following
topics:ALTER USERCREATE USERDROP USERGRANTRENAME USERREVOKESET PASSWORD
mysql> help account management;
You asked for help about help category: "Account Management"
For more information, type 'help ', where is one of the following
topics:ALTER USERCREATE USERDROP USERGRANTRENAME USERREVOKESET PASSWORD
3.权限相关表(mysql)
- user
- db
- procs_priv
- proxies_priv
- tables_priv
- columns_priv
3.1.user表
mysql中所有的用户都是存放在user表中的,这些字段可以分为4类:(mysql 5.7为例)
用户列
.权限列
.安全列
.资源控制列
.
mysql> select * from mysql.user limit 1\G\
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: root
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Reload_priv: Y
Shutdown_priv: Y
Process_priv: Y
File_priv: Y
Grant_priv: Y
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Show_db_priv: Y
Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Execute_priv: Y
Repl_slave_priv: Y
Repl_client_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: Y
Create_user_priv: Y
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *A01127598D6CAB5E83BACA13E5739857300D82EF
password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2021-01-25 21:46:46
password_lifetime: NULL
account_locked: N
mysql> select * from mysql.user limit 1\G\
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
User: root
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: Y
Update_priv: Y
Delete_priv: Y
Create_priv: Y
Drop_priv: Y
Reload_priv: Y
Shutdown_priv: Y
Process_priv: Y
File_priv: Y
Grant_priv: Y
References_priv: Y
Index_priv: Y
Alter_priv: Y
Show_db_priv: Y
Super_priv: Y
Create_tmp_table_priv: Y
Lock_tables_priv: Y
Execute_priv: Y
Repl_slave_priv: Y
Repl_client_priv: Y
Create_view_priv: Y
Show_view_priv: Y
Create_routine_priv: Y
Alter_routine_priv: Y
Create_user_priv: Y
Event_priv: Y
Trigger_priv: Y
Create_tablespace_priv: Y
ssl_type:
ssl_cipher:
x509_issuer:
x509_subject:
max_questions: 0
max_updates: 0
max_connections: 0
max_user_connections: 0
plugin: mysql_native_password
authentication_string: *A01127598D6CAB5E83BACA13E5739857300D82EF
password_expired: N
password_last_changed: 2021-01-25 21:46:46
password_lifetime: NULL
account_locked: N
用户列
:
Host --新创建的用户允许从哪台机登陆
User
authentication_string
Host --新创建的用户允许从哪台机登陆
User
authentication_string
权限列
列 | 说明 |
Select_priv | 确定用户是否可以通过SELECT命令选择数据 |
Insert_priv | 确定用户是否可以通过INSERT命令插入数据 |
Update_priv | 确定用户是否可以通过UPDATE命令修改现有数据 |
Delete_priv | 确定用户是否可以通过DELETE命令删除现有数据 |
Create_priv | 确定用户是否可以创建新的数据库和表 |
Drop_priv | 确定用户是否可以删除现有数据库和表 |
Reload_priv | 确定用户是否可以执行刷新和重新加载MySQL所用各种内部缓存的特定命令,包括日志、权限、主机、查询和表,拥有该权限的用户可以使用FLUSH语句 |
Shutdown_priv | 确定用户是否可以关闭MySQL服务器。在将此权限提供给root账户之外的任何用户时,都应当非常谨慎 |
Process_priv | 确定用户是否可以通过SHOW PROCESSLIST命令查看其他用户的进程 |
File_priv | 确定用户是否可以执行SELECT INTO OUTFILE和LOAD DATA INFILE命令 |
Grant_priv | 确定用户是否可以将已经授予给该用户自己的权限再授予其他用户 |
References_priv | 目前只是某些未来功能的占位符;现在没有作用 |
Index_priv | 确定用户是否可以创建和删除表索引 |
Alter_priv | 确定用户是否可以重命名和修改表结构 |
Show_db_priv | 确定用户是否可以查看服务器上所有数据库的名字,包括用户拥有足够访问权限的数据库 |
Super_priv | 确定用户是否可以执行某些强大的管理功能,例如通过KILL命令删除用户进程,使用SET GLOBAL修改全局MySQL变量,执行关于复制和日志的各种命令 |
Create_tmp_table_priv | 确定用户是否可以创建临时表 |
Lock_tables_priv | 确定用户是否可以使用LOCK TABLES命令阻止对表的访问/修改 |
Execute_priv | 确定用户是否可以执行存储过程 |
Repl_slave_priv | 确定用户是否可以读取用于维护复制数据库环境的二进制日志文件。此用户位于主系统中,有利于主机和客户机之间的通信 |
Repl_client_priv | 确定用户是否可以确定复制从服务器和主服务器的位置 |
Create_view_priv | 确定用户是否可以创建视图 |
Show_view_priv | 确定用户是否可以查看视图或了解视图如何执行 |
Create_routine_priv | 确定用户是否可以更改或放弃存储过程和函数 |
Alter_routine_priv | 确定用户是否可以修改或删除存储函数及函数 |
Create_user_priv | 确定用户是否可以执行CREATE USER命令,这个命令用于创建新的MySQL账户 |
Event_priv | 确定用户能否创建、修改和删除事件 |
Trigger_priv | 确定用户能否创建和删除触发器 |
资源控制列
--默认值为0,表示无限制
max_questions: 0 --每小时可以允许执行多少次查询
max_updates: 0 --每小时可以允许执行多少次更新
max_connections: 0 --每小时可以允许执行多少次更新
max_user_connections: 0 --单个用户可以同时具有的连接数
--默认值为0,表示无限制
max_questions: 0 --每小时可以允许执行多少次查询
max_updates: 0 --每小时可以允许执行多少次更新
max_connections: 0 --每小时可以允许执行多少次更新
max_user_connections: 0 --单个用户可以同时具有的连接数
安全列
ssl_type
ssl_cipher
x509_issuer
x509_subject
--ssl用于加密;x509标准可以用来标识用户
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%openssl%";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| have_openssl | YES |
+---------------+-------+
ssl_type
ssl_cipher
x509_issuer
x509_subject
--ssl用于加密;x509标准可以用来标识用户
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "%openssl%";
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| have_openssl | YES |
+---------------+-------+
3.2.db表
存储了某个用户对一个数据库的权限。主要分为2个:用户列
和 权限列
mysql> select * from mysql.db limit 1\G\
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
Db: performance_schema
User: mysql.session
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
mysql> select * from mysql.db limit 1\G\
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Host: localhost
Db: performance_schema
User: mysql.session
Select_priv: Y
Insert_priv: N
Update_priv: N
Delete_priv: N
Create_priv: N
Drop_priv: N
Grant_priv: N
References_priv: N
Index_priv: N
Alter_priv: N
Create_tmp_table_priv: N
Lock_tables_priv: N
Create_view_priv: N
Show_view_priv: N
Create_routine_priv: N
Alter_routine_priv: N
Execute_priv: N
Event_priv: N
Trigger_priv: N
用户先根据user表的内容获取权限,然后再根据db表的内容获取权限。
3.3.tables_priv表
可以对单个表进行权限设置:
mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv;
+-----------+-------+---------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------+
| Host | Db | User | Table_name | Grantor | Timestamp | Table_priv | Column_priv |
+-----------+-------+---------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------+
| localhost | mysql | mysql.session | user | boot@connecting host | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | Select | |
| localhost | sys | mysql.sys | sys_config | root@localhost | 2021-01-25 21:41:20 | Select | |
+-----------+-------+---------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select * from mysql.tables_priv;
+-----------+-------+---------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------+
| Host | Db | User | Table_name | Grantor | Timestamp | Table_priv | Column_priv |
+-----------+-------+---------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------+
| localhost | mysql | mysql.session | user | boot@connecting host | 0000-00-00 00:00:00 | Select | |
| localhost | sys | mysql.sys | sys_config | root@localhost | 2021-01-25 21:41:20 | Select | |
+-----------+-------+---------------+------------+----------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
tables_priv表包含8个字段:
• Host:主机名;
• DB:数据库名;
• User:用户名;
• Table_name:表名
• Table_priv:对表进行操作的权限
• Host:主机名;
• DB:数据库名;
• User:用户名;
• Table_name:表名
• Table_priv:对表进行操作的权限
3.4.columns_priv表
mysql> show columns from columns_priv;
+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |
| Table_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| Column_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| Timestamp | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
| Column_priv | set('Select','Insert','Update','References') | NO | | | |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
mysql> show columns from columns_priv;
+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |
| Table_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| Column_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| Timestamp | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
| Column_priv | set('Select','Insert','Update','References') | NO | | | |
+-------------+----------------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
3.5.procs_priv表
用来对存储过程和存储函数设置权限操作.
mysql> show columns from procs_priv;
+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |
| Routine_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| Routine_type | enum('FUNCTION','PROCEDURE') | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Grantor | char(93) | NO | MUL | | |
| Proc_priv | set('Execute','Alter Routine','Grant') | NO | | | |
| Timestamp | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show columns from procs_priv;
+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
| Host | char(60) | NO | PRI | | |
| Db | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| User | char(32) | NO | PRI | | |
| Routine_name | char(64) | NO | PRI | | |
| Routine_type | enum('FUNCTION','PROCEDURE') | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| Grantor | char(93) | NO | MUL | | |
| Proc_priv | set('Execute','Alter Routine','Grant') | NO | | | |
| Timestamp | timestamp | NO | | CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | on update CURRENT_TIMESTAMP |
+--------------+----------------------------------------+------+-----+-------------------+-----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
3.6.proxies_priv表
实现类似用户组管理,角色管理